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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">Jan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">I assume
you’ll agree that the issues are probably too complex for us
to discuss on
Lingtyp. I acknowledge that your claims are more complex than
I was able to
address. So I limit myself to trying to identify where we
disagree.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">1. You say “I
do <u>not</u> say that relative clauses cannot occur in
between num and N”. Yes,
but there is a clear implication in your claims that if a
semantic adjective is
verbal then it is more likely to be an exception to the iconic
pattern than if
it is nonverbal. My claim is that semantic adjectives which
are verbal are no
more likely to be exceptions to the iconic pattern than
semantic adjectives
that are nonverbal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">2. You claim
that exceptions to the iconic pattern will fall into one the
categories you
describe. My claim is that exceptions are just as likely to
NOT fall into these
categories as cases that are not exceptions. In other words, I
claim that your
claim is too strong in claiming that exceptions will fall into
these categories
and also too weak in failing to claim that all semantic
adjectives, regardless
of their syntactic realization, will tend to conform to the
iconic pattern. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However,
you may be right about SOME of the
categories you describe, such as appositional structures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">3.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When
you say “As far as I can remember, these
factors do not a major play a role in Matthew’s word order
studies”, this is
accurate in terms of what I have published but inaccurate in
terms of what I
have done.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">Since I suspect
the issues here are too “specialized” for discussion on
Lingtyp, I will let you
have the last word on this on Lingtyp and suggest that any
further discussion we
do offline.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:UZ-CYR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
lang="UZ-CYR">Matthew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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lang="UZ-CYR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment-->On 1/22/16 11:32 AM,
Jan Rijkhoff wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:EBCB141063E9C040A28A5B906370F048514640A3@SRVUNIMBX06.uni.au.dk"
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<p class="MsoNormal">This is just a quick response to Matthew
about the position of adjectives in the noun phrase (I may
give a more elaborate response when I have more time).
<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Perhaps the more general question to some
of the contributors to this discussion is: does
Morphosyntactic Typology make sense, if it were true that
there is no empirical basis for a comparison, i.e. if actual
linguistic forms and constructions are basically
incomparable within and across languages? </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:65.2pt"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:65.2pt"><u>First
(adjective)</u>: recall that I only took into account
cases that involve un-derived members of the
<u>word class</u> Adjective (thus ignoring, for example,
classifying/relational adjectives like ‘evolutionary’ in
‘evolutionary biology’).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:65.2pt"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Second (relative clauses)</u>: I do <u>not</u>
say that relative clauses cannot occur in between num and N
(see, for example, Rijkhoff 2004: 309-311).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:65.2pt"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My claim is: if a language has a
dedicated class of (qualifying) adjectives, a modifying
adjective will occur next to the head noun in the NP (<b
style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">‘Principle of Head
Proximity’</b>), as in these ‘iconic’ patterns:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after:avoid"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>dem num A N<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>dem
A N num<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>num A N dem<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A
N num dem</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>dem num N A<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>dem
N A num<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>num N A dem<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N
A num dem</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If a language employs members of these
four word classes (which are
<u>not</u> regarded as members of semantic categories here)
in the same NP, then we should only find these eight word
order patterns, because they reflect scopal differences
among the various modifiers (‘<b
style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Scope Principle</b>’)
- <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">but only in the
case of simple (non-complex), integral (hierarchically
organized) NPs (‘Principle of Domain integrity’)</b>.<b
style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="color:blue">*</span></b> This is true for
approximately 50% of the languages in my sample (Rijkhoff
2004: 328; apparent counterexamples to my claim of
‘adjective-noun adjacency’ are discussed on pp. 266-276).
The other languages were excluded for various reasons, such
as:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
- use of verbal or nominal (i.e. complex, phrasal)
constructions to express cardinal or adjectival notions (see
examples in my first contribution to this discussion);</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
- co-occurrence restrictions: in some languages a NP can
only accommodate one or two modifiers (see e.g. Foley on
Yimas);</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
- constituent has no attributive use (e.g. in Hixkaryana
‘demonstratives are not used adjectivally’);</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
- the ‘modifier’ is expressed as a bound form (affix, part
of compound);</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
- the ‘modifier’ is an appositional element (rather than a
fully integrated constituent of the noun phrase; this is
often the case in Australian languages and in languages that
have a numeral classifier construction after the noun).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:7.1pt;text-indent:-7.1pt;tab-stops:65.2pt">
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As far as I can remember, these factors
do not a major play a role in Matthew’s word order studies,
but in my view they are highly relevant in a
cross-linguistic investigation of word order patterns. I
have discussed them in various places (see especially
Rijkhoff 2004: 327-332; also Rijkhoff 2015).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So I had to exclude 50% of the languages
in my sample so to be able to make a responsible
cross-linguistic comparison regarding the relative order of
demonstrative, numeral, adjective, and noun in a simple,
integral NP. I think this shows that, if we are careful
enough<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="color:blue">**</span></b>, we can compare actual
forms and constructions across languages.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">This is possible if
we let go of the idea that we can compare everything in
all languages</b>. We need to systematically reduce the
data we collected for a morphosyntactic investigation until
we are left with a database that contains only those units
that are similar enough (in terms of function, meaning and
form) to allow for a responsible cross-language comparison.
Obviously the elimination procedure should be fully
transparent, so that others can judge for themselves if the
remaining data are similar enough to be compared for the
purpose of the investigation.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="color:blue">*</span></b> In NPs that cannot be
characterized as ‘simple (non-complex), integral
(hierarchically organized) NPs’, the influence of other
factors (e.g. heaviness) may interfere with the Scope
Principle.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="color:blue">**</span></b> If this discussion
continues long enough, I may outline what this careful
approach involves.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jan Rijkhoff </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt;mso-pagination:
none;tab-stops:65.2pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt">Rijkhoff,
Jan. 2004. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
The Noun Phrase</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[Expanded paperback of the 2002 Hb edition]</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:DA"></span></p>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt"></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:DA"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<div style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000000;
font-size: 16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF240000"><font
face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b>
Lingtyp [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>] on
behalf of Matthew Dryer [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 22, 2016 4:24 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Response to Rijkhoff and
LaPolla<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">I want to return to near the
beginning of the recent discussion, when both Jan
Rijkhoff and Randy LaPolla raised issues in response to
my drawing attention to the fact that Greenberg’s claim
that verb-initial languages tend to place the adjective
after the noun is misleading (since they do so to the
same extent as verb-final languages).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">There are two assumptions
that Jan and Randy seemed to make that I think are at
the heart of the discussion. The first assumption may
not in fact be one that either Jan or Randy made, though
it would not be an unreasonable assumption to make,
given my published work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">The first apparent
assumption is that in collecting data on the order of
adjective and noun, what I did was to collect this data
without paying attention to the grammatical properties
of these “adjectives” (what I prefer to call semantic
adjectives, though the label is not ideal), particularly
the extent to which they behave like verbs and the
extent to which they behave like nouns. The second
assumption is that the word order behaviour of semantic
adjectives varies considerably depending on these other
properties. Both of these assumptions are false.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">With respect to the first
assumption, I have spent considerably more time over the
years examining the grammatical properties of semantic
adjectives than I have examining the order of adjective
and noun, primarily the extent to which they behave like
verbs or nouns.<span style=""> </span>I have
definitely not ignored these differences. My reason for
spending so much time on this is precisely because I was
curious whether there were differences in word order
patterns varying with the extent to which semantic
adjectives exhibit verbal or nominal properties. The
overall conclusion from this is: very little.<span
style="">
</span>The word order patterns of semantic adjectives
are very similar, regardless of whether they are verbal,
nominal, or neither. Let me discuss briefly two examples
of contrary claims in the literature.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none">In the
paper of his that Randy provided a link to, he cites Van
Valin (1986) and Lehmann (1986) as providing evidence
that ‘<span style="font-family:Times">adjectives which
are highly nominal in nature precede the noun they
modify in OV languages, while those which are highly
verbal in nature follow the noun they modify’.
However, on the basis of a sample of approximately 300
languages in which the semantic adjectives exhibit
nominal features, it turns out that this is not true.
In my data, adjectives which are nominal in nature
more often follow the noun, like adjectives which are
verbal in nature. There is one area of the world where
we do find a lot of OV languages that are AdjN and in
which the adjectives are often nominal, and that is
Eurasia excluding Sino-Tibetan and other families of
southeast Asia. I suspect that Van Valin’s and
Lehmann’s conclusions were influenced by this pattern,
which I suspect is simply a reflection of two
accidentally coinciding common traits throughout this
area of Eurasia, namely OV&AdjN order and a
tendency for semantic adjectives to be nominal in
nature. It is true that the preference for NAdj order
is higher in my data among languages in which the
semantic adjectives are verbal, though the difference
falls short of statistical significance. It is
possible that this difference is real and if so has a
ready explanation: relative clauses show a strong
tendency to follow nouns among all languages and
getting a higher proportion of NAdj order among
languages in which semantic adjectives are verbal is
hardly surprising. But the difference is much less
than the quote from LaPolla would suggest.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-family:Times">The second case involves the
position of semantic adjectives relative to the
numeral and noun when both occur on the same side of
the noun. The usual pattern is for the adjective to
occur between the numeral and the noun, in either
Num-Adj-Noun or Noun-Adj-Num order. Rijkhoff (2008:
804) claims that exceptions to this, namely
Adj-Num-Noun or Noun-Num-Adj, must involve distinct
syntactic constructions, such as ones where the
adjective is verbal and a type of relative clause.
However, in an almost-completed paper of mine
reporting the order of demonstrative, numeral,
adjective and noun in a sample of over 500 languages,
I find little evidence to support this claim of
Rijkhoff’s. There are a very small number of cases
where his line of explanation is plausible but they
are clearly the exceptions. Let me present two kinds
of evidence from my paper bearing on this. The data in
the following table distinguishes semantic adjectives
with verbal properties from semantic adjectives
lacking verbal properties, restricting attention to
languages where the adjective and numeral occur on the
same side of the noun. The numbers are numbers of
genera rather than numbers of languages:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
<div align="center">
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="color:black"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">Adj closer to noun</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">than Num</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">Num closer to noun</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">than Adj</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">Percent</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">closer</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="color:black">Adj is verb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">30</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">4</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">.88</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="color:black">Adj is not verb
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">106</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">12</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid" align="center">
<span style="color:black">.90</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">As the table shows, semantic
adjectives which are verbs show the same strong tendency
to occur closer to the noun than the numeral that we
find with semantic adjectives which are not verbal. And
the majority of cases where the adjective is further
from the noun are ones where the adjective is nonverbal.
In other words, the verbal nature of some semantic
adjectives has little effect on their position relative
to the numeral and noun.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">Let me share one example
from my paper that illustrates that it is only semantics
which is relevant, not the particular morphosyntactic
properties of semantic adjectives.<span style="">
</span>The following examples come from Nias (Lea Brown,
p.c.). Semantic adjectives in Nias are verbal and when
used attributively occur in relative clauses. Adnominal
numerals also occur in relative clauses. What the data
in (1) shows is that the relative clause containing the
semantic adjective must occur closer to the noun than
the relative clause containing the numeral. The opposite
order, shown in (1b), is judged ungrammatical.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">1.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">a.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">No</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">u-bunu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">n-asu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">s=afusi</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=dua</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">rozi.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">past</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">1sg</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-kill</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">abs</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-dog</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=white</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=two</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">clsfr</span><span
style="font-family:Times"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" name="OLE_LINK8"></a><a
moz-do-not-send="true" name="OLE_LINK9"><span
style=""></span></a>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40"><span style=""><span
style=""></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50"><span style=""><span
style=""></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"><span
style="">
</span>N</span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"><span
style="">
</span>Adj</span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"><span
style="">
</span>Num</span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48"><span style=""><span
style=""></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style=""><span
style=""><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span style=""><span style=""></span></span><span style=""><span
style=""></span></span><span style=""><span style=""></span></span><span
style=""><span style=""></span></span><span style=""><span
style=""></span></span><span style=""><span style=""></span></span><span
style=""><span style=""></span></span><span style=""></span><span
style=""></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>‘I killed the two white dogs.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">b.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">*No</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">u-bunu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">n-asu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=dua</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">rozi</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">s=afusi.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps"><span style=""> </span>past</span><span
style="font-family:Times"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">1sg</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-kill</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">abs</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-dog</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=two</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">clsfr
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=white</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>N</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>Num</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:66.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>A</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>‘I killed the two white dogs.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">However if we examine the
position of relative clauses involving a verb that is
not a semantic adjective, we find the opposite pattern.
In (2), the relative clause involving the verb for
‘sleep’ must occur outside the relative clause
containing the numeral. The opposite order, in (2b), is
judged ungrammatical.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">2.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">a.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">No</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">u-bunu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">n-asu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=dua</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">rozi</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:67.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="68">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=mörö.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style=""> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">past</span><span
style="font-family:Times"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">1sg</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-kill</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">abs</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-dog</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=two</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">clsfr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:67.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="68">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=sleep.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.15pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="19">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>N</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>Num </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:67.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="68">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>Rel</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>‘I killed the two dogs that were sleeping.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">b.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">*No</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">u-bunu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">n-asu
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:64.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=mörö</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">si=dua</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times">rozi.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style=""> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps"><span style=""> </span>past</span><span
style="font-family:Times"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">1sg</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-kill</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">abs</span><span
style="font-family:Times">-dog
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:64.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=sleep</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">rel</span><span
style="font-family:Times">=two</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times;
font-variant:small-caps">clsfr</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:36.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="36">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:19.8pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="20">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:40.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="40">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:49.6pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="50">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:52.3pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="52">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>N</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:64.9pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>Rel</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:58.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="58">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>Num</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:47.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm
5.4pt" valign="top" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="page-break-after:avoid"><span
style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span
style="font-family:Times"><span style="">
</span>‘I killed the two dogs that were sleeping.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">In other words, despite the
fact that all these modifiers involve relative clauses,
the one involving a semantic adjective must occur closer
to the noun. Even though these semantic adjectives are
verbs, they occur closer to the noun, unlike relative
clauses involving other verbs. My paper presents data
from a number of other languages exhibiting a similar
pattern.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">In a way this should not be
surprising. A common hypothesis is that modifiers
representing more inherent properties are more likely to
occur closer to the noun. Since ‘white’ is more inherent
than ‘sleeping’, it is not surprising that it occurs
closer to the noun. In other words, it is the semantics
that is relevant, not the particular construction.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">In short, it is not the case
that I ignored the finer properties of semantic
adjectives. Rather, I have collected a large amount of
data that shows that these finer properties have little
affect on their word order position, contrary to the
claims of of LaPolla and Rijkhoff.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="">Matthew</p>
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