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Note on polysynthesis.<br>
<br>
The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis is now in press, slated to
appear early next year. A major thrust of the volume is the question
of whether polysynthesis is an identifiable and/or useful type,
whether there are sufficient or necessary features and what they
might be, whether languages can be more or less polysynthetic,
whether core polysynthetic languages tend to show other structural
features, etc. <br>
<br>
There are general chapters on polysynthesis and complexity,
polysynthesis and holophrasis (in the sense of all crucial parts of
the predication specified within the verb, including core
arguments), the limits of polysynthesis, the nature of the lexicon
in polysynthetic languages, different theoretical perspectives on
polysynthesis, the nature of the word in polysynthetic languages
(phonological and morphological challenges), social circumstances
stimulating the development and retention of polysynthesis, etc.
There are also chapters on the diachrony of polysynthesis, the
acquisition of polysynthetic languages, areal perspectives on
polysynthesis (geographical hotbeds), and chapters on individual
languages that have been characterized as polysynthetic, in which
authors weigh the various criteria that have been proposed for
polysynthesis to see whether they add up to a definable type.<br>
<br>
Marianne<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/4/2016 7:07 AM, Claude Hagège
wrote:<br>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US">Hi everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"> I’d like to stress that, after the
monographs on Nahuatl written in the XVIth and XVIIth
centuries by, among others, Alonso de Molina, Andres de
Olmos, or on Guarani by Luis de Montoya, work on
incorporation and polysynthesis, became more and more
important in Europe due to the discovery of these
morphosyntactic features by Pierre du Ponceau, who
invented these technical terms, first applying them to
Nahuatl, and thus showing what outstanding contributions
Amerindian languages were able to make to language
studies. There is, therefore, a tradition referring to
the study of these characteristics, and this went as far
as prompting linguists to add the polysynthetic type to
Schlegel’s and Humboldt’s famous three types, to wit
isolating, agglutinative and inflectional, which, long
before Greenberg, laid the foundations of linguistic
typology. This research tradition on polysynthesis and
incorporation is illustrated by many works, giving the
lie, by the way, to Martin’s assertion that “these
terms have no clear definition in typology, because they
rely on the notion of word”. Among such works, there are
for example, if I may mention them, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-GB"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB">CH, « Lexical suffixes and incorporation in
Mainland Comox », <i>Forum Linguisticum</i>, Vol. 3,
n°1, August 1978, 57-71.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-GB"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB">CH, « On noun incorporation in universal
grammar (further comments on a previous article) », <i>Forum
Linguisticum,</i> Vol. 4, n°3, Apr. 1980, 241-245.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">CH,
« Incorporation nominale et suffixation lexicale : essai
de typologie et cas particulier du comox (Colombie
britannique) », <i>Bulletin de la Société de
Linguistique de Paris</i>, tome 72, fasc. </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB">1, 1977, 319-340.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-US"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <span
lang="EN-US">CH</span></span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB"> « Language as a faculty, languages as
“contingent” manifestations and humans as function
builders », <i>Reconnecting Language. Morphology and
Syntax in Functional Perspective,</i> « Current
Issues in Linguistic Theory » series, 154,
Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing
Company, 1997, 29-47.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align:justify"><span
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lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Claude<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
lang="EN-US"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"> Lingtyp
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US">] <b>De la part de</b> Plank<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 4 juillet 2016 12:35</span><span
lang="EN-US"> these terms have no clear definition in
typology, because they rely on the notion of "word"</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"><br>
<b>À :</b> Enrique L. Palancar;
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Americanist contributions
to typology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The paper by Antoine that Enrique mentions
is specifially on what is nowadays called "associated motion",
something where Australia and South America have been leading
the way. The paper -- and it's probably the longest we've
ever had -- is in LT 20(1) 2016, an issue that was regrettably
held up by production hiccups, but is to finally hit your
screens and/or mailboxes this month. ToC attached.<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">In its early days (17-18th
century) typology, and simultaneously language evolution,
was a subject for "conjectural historians", and seriously
Americas-informed factually-based typologising arguably only
began with the likes of James Burnett (see below a passage
from a handbook article for his actual language coverage)
and Peter Stephen Du Ponceau. I'd say grappling with <b>polysynthesis/incorporation/Einverleibun</b>g
was the first really significant typological contribution
whose chief inspiration was American, superseding what had
been speculated about the typological and evolutionary
status of holistic event designations, aka
impersonal/subjectless sentences. Very early, certain <b>sound/phoneme
inventories</b>, lacking labials that just about everybody
else loved and acquired early, were also perceived as a
typological challenge from the Americas, calling for
corrections of facile generalisations. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">(Good) typology is so driven by (deep)
knowledge about languages. Good of Mark to recall Sapir. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frans<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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