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    Note on polysynthesis.<br>
    <br>
    The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis is now in press, slated to
    appear early next year. A major thrust of the volume is the question
    of whether polysynthesis is an identifiable and/or useful type,
    whether there are sufficient or necessary features and what they
    might be, whether languages can be more or less polysynthetic,
    whether core polysynthetic languages tend to show other structural
    features, etc. <br>
    <br>
    There are general chapters on polysynthesis and complexity,
    polysynthesis and holophrasis (in the sense of all crucial parts of
    the predication specified within the verb, including core
    arguments), the limits of polysynthesis, the nature of the lexicon
    in polysynthetic languages, different theoretical perspectives on
    polysynthesis, the nature of the word in polysynthetic languages
    (phonological and morphological challenges), social circumstances
    stimulating the development and retention of polysynthesis, etc.
    There are also chapters on the diachrony of polysynthesis, the
    acquisition of polysynthetic languages, areal perspectives on
    polysynthesis (geographical hotbeds), and chapters on individual
    languages that have been characterized as polysynthetic, in which
    authors weigh the various criteria that have been proposed for
    polysynthesis to see whether they add up to a definable type.<br>
    <br>
    Marianne<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/4/2016 7:07 AM, Claude Hagège
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:008401d1d5fd$5c90ca10$15b25e30$@fr"
      type="cite">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US">Hi  everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US">        I’d like to stress that, after the
                 monographs on Nahuatl written in the XVIth and XVIIth
                centuries by, among others, Alonso de Molina, Andres de
                Olmos, or on Guarani by Luis de Montoya, work on
                incorporation and polysynthesis, became more and more
                important in Europe due to  the discovery of these
                morphosyntactic features by Pierre du Ponceau, who
                invented these technical terms, first applying them to
                Nahuatl, and thus showing what outstanding contributions
                Amerindian languages were able to make to language
                studies. There is, therefore, a tradition referring to
                the study of these characteristics, and this went as far
                as prompting linguists to add the polysynthetic type to
                Schlegel’s and Humboldt’s famous three types, to wit
                isolating, agglutinative and inflectional, which, long
                before Greenberg, laid the foundations of linguistic
                typology. This research tradition on polysynthesis and
                incorporation is illustrated by many works, giving the
                lie, by the way, to Martin’s  assertion that “these
                terms have no clear definition in typology, because they
                rely on the notion of word”. Among such works, there are
                for example, if I may mention them, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"
              style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
              level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
                style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-GB"><span
                  style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
                    "Times New Roman"">         </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-GB">CH, « Lexical suffixes and incorporation in
                Mainland Comox », <i>Forum Linguisticum</i>, Vol. 3,
                n°1, August 1978, 57-71.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"
              style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
              level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
                style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-GB"><span
                  style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
                    "Times New Roman"">         </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-GB">CH,  « On noun incorporation in universal
                grammar (further comments on a previous article) », <i>Forum
                  Linguisticum,</i> Vol. 4, n°3, Apr. 1980, 241-245.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"
              style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
              level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
                style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span
                    style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
                  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">CH,
                « Incorporation nominale et suffixation lexicale : essai
                de typologie et cas particulier du comox (Colombie
                britannique) », <i>Bulletin de la Société de
                  Linguistique de Paris</i>, tome 72, fasc. </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-GB">1, 1977, 319-340.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"
              style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
              level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
                style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-US"><span
                  style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt
                    "Times New Roman"">         </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <span
                  lang="EN-US">CH</span></span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-GB"> « Language as a faculty, languages as
                “contingent” manifestations and humans as function
                builders », <i>Reconnecting Language. Morphology and
                  Syntax in Functional Perspective,</i>  « Current
                Issues in Linguistic Theory » series, 154,
                Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing
                Company, 1997, 29-47.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Claude<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                  lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                  lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"
                lang="EN-US"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"> Lingtyp
                [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US">] <b>De la part de</b> Plank<br>
                <b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 4 juillet 2016 12:35</span><span
                lang="EN-US"> these terms have no clear definition in
                typology, because they rely on the notion of "word"</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""
                lang="EN-US"><br>
                <b>À :</b> Enrique L. Palancar;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"><LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG></a><br>
                <b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Americanist contributions
                to typology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal">The paper by Antoine that Enrique mentions
          is specifially on what is nowadays called "associated motion",
          something where Australia and South America have been leading
          the way.  The paper -- and it's probably the longest we've
          ever had -- is in LT 20(1) 2016, an issue that was regrettably
          held up by production hiccups, but is to finally hit your
          screens and/or mailboxes this month.  ToC attached.<o:p></o:p></p>
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">In its early days (17-18th
            century) typology, and simultaneously language evolution,
            was a subject for "conjectural historians", and seriously
            Americas-informed factually-based typologising arguably only
            began with the likes of James Burnett (see below a passage
            from a handbook article for his actual language coverage)
            and Peter Stephen Du Ponceau.  I'd say grappling with <b>polysynthesis/incorporation/Einverleibun</b>g
            was the first really significant typological contribution
            whose chief inspiration was American, superseding what had
            been speculated about the typological and evolutionary
            status of holistic event designations, aka
            impersonal/subjectless sentences.  Very early, certain <b>sound/phoneme
              inventories</b>, lacking labials that just about everybody
            else loved and acquired early, were also perceived as a
            typological challenge from the Americas, calling for
            corrections of facile generalisations. <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">(Good) typology is so driven by (deep)
            knowledge about languages.  Good of Mark to recall Sapir.  <o:p></o:p></p>
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Frans<o:p></o:p></p>
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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                <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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