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Misha,<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 01/04/2017 14:06, Michael Daniel
wrote:<br>
</div>
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cite="mid:CABAHGwdu=k2Z=SYgUbrY=CbvOrWTiacyauvDSog+kvp7ymOwwg@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
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<div><b>David suggested that Roon</b> is a counterexample. In
his example, a vast number of nouns may refer, roughly,
either to an object or to the substance produced from this
object (or a part of this object). I think this is indeed a
good counterexample to my claim, in being an example of a
system that is, to a considerable extent if not
overwhelmingly, reference-based and flexible. I would not
take the counter-objection suggested by Johanna (that this
is a productive unmarked derivational process, or
conversion) because I have a feeling that this would be a
way to wave off all counterexamples, which would make my
generalization totally non-falsifiable. </div>
<div>I think that I need more details on this system - David,
is there any reference? - to see how exactly the system
works. Obviously, not all nouns may be re-conceptualized as
substance in an equally easy way, at least under usual
circumstances (but note David's missionary example), so it
is interesting how overwhelming flexibility is in this
system.<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
You've given me some important questions to add to my
(ever-burgeoning) to-do list when I'm next back there. Nothing I've
written so far discusses these particular issues in any detail. <br>
<br>
You might try looking at the following references for
closely-related Biak, but I can't guarantee that they go into these
questions either, plus I'm not sure things work the same way in
Biak. <br>
<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"" lang="EN-US">Mofu,
Suriel (2009) Biak Morphosyntax, PhD Dissertation, Oxford
University, Oxford.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"" lang="EN-US"><br>
van
den Heuvel, Wilco (2006) Biak, Description of an Austronesian
Language of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"" lang="EN-US">Papua,
PhD Dissertation, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.</span><span
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><br>
Some of the specific words that are exceptions to the overwhelming
semantic nature of the gender distinction are the same in the two
languages, but there are quite a few differences in the agreement
paradigm, most notably that Roon has regularized the interaction of
gender and number: whereas in Biak, the animate/inanimate
distinction is present only in the (3rd person) plural (this has
been cited as an exception to one of Greenberg's universals), in
Roon it is present in both plural and singular.<br>
<br>
David<br>
<br>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
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