<div dir="ltr">Hi David, <div><br></div><div>That's an excellent idea! Thanks. Some of these I know from reading other papers of yours, and some already overlap with Reesink, Dunn et al and with Grambank. Would it be possible however to get some more detailed definition on them? For example, what constituted "optional TAM marking"? What did it take for a language to be classified as "yes" for that feature?</div><div><br></div><div>/Hedvig</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br></b></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b>***</b></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Tōfā soifua,</b></font></p><div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><b><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig Skirgård</font></b></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br></b>PhD Candidate<br><span style="color:rgb(196,89,17)">The Wellsprings of Linguistic Diversity</span><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">School of Culture, History and Language<br>College of Asia and the Pacific<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Rm 4203, H.C. Coombs Building (#9)<br>The Australian National University<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Acton ACT 2601<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Australia<br><br>Co-chair of Public Relations</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Board of the </span><span style="font-size:9pt">International Olympiad of Linguistics</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><a href="http://www.ioling.org" style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:9pt" target="_blank">www.ioling.org</a><br><br><font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Blogger at Humans Who Read Grammars</span></font><br><font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://humans-who-read-grammars.blogspot." target="_blank">http://humans-who-read-grammars.blogspot.</a></span></font><br></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On 5 April 2017 at 13:14, David Gil <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
  
    
  
  <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    Hi Hedvig,<br>
    <br>
    in Gil (2015) I define a Mekong-Mamberamo area extending from
    Mainland Southeast Asia through the Indonesian archipelago and into
    western new Guinea, characterized by 17 features which I've listed
    below.  In the final section of the paper, I briefly discuss the
    extent to which these 17 features "overflow" from the
    Mekong-Mamberamo area into Oceania, due to the spread of
    Austronesian languages from New Guinea into the Pacific.  So you may
    wish to follow up on this and examine the extent to which the
    languages of Oceania exhibit these features.<br>
    <br>
    Best,<br>
    <br>
    David<br>
    <br>
    
    <p class="m_5279137942271857238ReferencesT" style="margin-left:27.35pt"><span lang="EN-US">Gil, David (2015) "The Mekong-Mamberamo Linguistic
        Area",
        in N.J. Enfield and B. Comrie eds., <i>Languages
          of Mainland Southeast Asia, The State of the Art</i>, Pacific
        Linguistics,
        DeGruyter Mouton, Berlin, 266-355.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <br>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span></span><i>17
          Mekong-Mamberamo Properties<u></u><u></u></i></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>1.<span>       </span>passing
        gesture<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>2.<span>       </span>repeated
        dental clicks expressing amazement<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>3.<span>       </span>conventionalized
        greeting with 'where'<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>4.<span>       </span>'eye
        day' > 'sun' lexicalization<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>5.<span>       </span>d/t
        place-of-articulation asymmetry<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>6.<span>       </span>numeral
        classifiers<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>7.<span>       </span>verby
        adjectives<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>8.<span>       </span>basic
        SVO word order<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>9.<span>       </span>iamitive
        perfects<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>10.<span>     </span>'give'
        causatives<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>11.<span>     </span>low
        differentiation of adnominal attributive constructions<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>12.<span>     </span>weakly
        developed grammatical voice<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>13.<span>     </span>isolating
        word structure<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>14.<span>     </span>short
        words<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>15.<span>     </span>low
        grammatical-morpheme density<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:avoid"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>16.<span>     </span>optional
        thematic-role flagging<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span>        </span>17.<span>     </span>optional TAM marking<u></u><u></u></span></p><div><div class="h5">
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="m_5279137942271857238moz-cite-prefix">On 05/04/2017 10:21, Hedvig Skirgård
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    </div></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div class="h5">
      
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                        <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dear typologists,</span><br>
                        </p>
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              </div>
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              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">What are
                interesting grammatical typological features for
                capturing the diversity of Oceania? I sent this message
                earlier to the mailing list for pacific linguistics, but
                I thought I'd try here as well since I didn't get any
                response there yet.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">I work with a
                grammatical survey of the world's languages, Grambank,
                and I'm also personally interested in Oceania in
                particular for my PhD project. I've been doing some
                thinking as to what features would be interesting to
                cover to more accurately capture the grammatical
                diversity of Oceania in particular, besides the feature
                set that we already have for the world-sample.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">One guide are the
                features that Reesink, Dunn et al used in their
                publications on Sahul and Melanesia (see attachments and
                references listed below).  They've taken in input from a
                lot of previous literature and commentary, so it's a
                good set.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">Besides those, do
                you have other suggestions?</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">From a rather
                Samoan-centric perspective, I'd be inclined to add
                features like these:</p>
              <ul>
                <li>Is there a "neutral" choice in attributive
                  possession, i.e. not alienable/inalienable,
                  dominant/subordinate?</li>
                <li>Can the agent be expressed as the possessor of the
                  verb instead of encoded in the more canonical
                  ergative/nominative manner?</li>
                <li>Can TA markers be entirely dropped in main clauses?</li>
                <li>Is number of absolute arguments expressed by
                  reduplication on the verb?<br>
                </li>
              </ul>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">Clearly these
                need further refinement, I just wanted to give some
                examples. Looking forward to more suggestions!</p>
              <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font face="arial,
                  helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Tōfā soifua,<br>
                  </b></font><b><font face="arial, helvetica,
                    sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig Skirgård</font></b></p>
              <b><br>
                References:<br>
              </b>Dunn, Michael, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink, Robert A.
              Foley & Stephen C. Levinson. 2005. Structural
              phylogenetics and the reconstruction of ancient language
              history. Science 309. 2072–2075. <br>
              <br>
              Dunn, Michael, Robert A. Foley, Stephen C. Levinson, Ger
              Reesink & Angela Terrill. 2007. Statistical reasoning
              in the evaluation of typological diversity in Island
              Melanesia. Oceanic Linguistics 46(2). 388-403. <br>
              <br>
              Dunn, Michael, Stephen C. Levinson, Eva Lindström, Ger
              Reesink, & Angela Terrill. 2008. Structural phylogeny
              in historical linguistics: Methodological explorations
              applied in Island Melanesia. Language 84(4). 710-759 <br>
              <br>
              Reesink, G., Singer, R., & Dunn, M. (2009). Explaining
              the linguistic diversity of Sahul using population models.
              PLoS Biology, 7(11), e1000241. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.10002<wbr>41<br>
              <br>
              Reesink, Ger & Michael Dunn (2012) Systematic
              typological comparison as a tool for investigating
              language history. in Nicholas Evans and Marian Klamer
              (eds) Language Documentation & Conservation Special
              Publication No. 5 Melanesian Languages on the Edge of
              Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century. pp. 34–71</div>
            <div><br>
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                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br>
                                </b></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b>***</b></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><b><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig Skirgård</font></b><br>
                            </p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br>
                                </b>PhD Candidate<br>
                                <span style="color:rgb(196,89,17)">The
                                  Wellsprings of Linguistic Diversity</span></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">ARC Centre of
                                Excellence for the Dynamics of Language</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">School of Culture,
                                History and Language<br>
                                College of Asia and the Pacific</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Rm 4203, H.C.
                                Coombs Building (#9)<br>
                                The Australian National University</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Acton ACT 2601</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Australia<br>
                                <br>
                                Co-chair of Public Relations</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Board of the </span><span style="font-size:9pt">International
                                Olympiad of Linguistics</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><a href="http://www.ioling.org" style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;font-size:9pt" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_5279137942271857238moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ioling.org" target="_blank">www.ioling.org</a><br>
                              <br>
                              <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Blogger at
                                  Humans Who Read Grammars</span></font><br>
                              <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://humans-who-read-grammars.blogspot." target="_blank"></a><a class="m_5279137942271857238moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://humans-who-read" target="_blank">http://humans-who-read</a>-grammar<wbr>s.blogspot.<br>
                                  </span></font><br>
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                        <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dear typologists,</span><br>
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            <div>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">What are
                interesting grammatical typological features for
                capturing the diversity of Oceania? I sent this message
                earlier to the mailing list for pacific linguistics, but
                I thought I'd try here as well since I didn't get any
                response there yet.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">I work with a
                grammatical survey of the world's languages, Grambank,
                and I'm also personally interested in Oceania in
                particular for my PhD project. I've been doing some
                thinking as to what features would be interesting to
                cover to more accurately capture the grammatical
                diversity of Oceania in particular, besides the feature
                set that we already have for the world-sample.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">One guide are the
                features that Reesink, Dunn et al used in their
                publications on Sahul and Melanesia (see attachments and
                references listed below).  They've taken in input from a
                lot of previous literature and commentary, so it's a
                good set.</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">Besides those, do
                you have other suggestions?</p>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">From a rather
                Samoan-centric perspective, I'd be inclined to add
                features like these:</p>
              <ul>
                <li>Is there a "neutral" choice in attributive
                  possession, i.e. not alienable/inalienable,
                  dominant/subordinate?</li>
                <li>Can the agent be expressed as the possessor of the
                  verb instead of encoded in the more canonical
                  ergative/nominative manner?</li>
                <li>Can TA markers be entirely dropped in main clauses?</li>
                <li>Is number of absolute arguments expressed by
                  reduplication on the verb?<br>
                </li>
              </ul>
              <p class="m_5279137942271857238m_1554752280181880654gmail-p1">Clearly these
                need further refinement, I just wanted to give some
                examples. Looking forward to more suggestions!</p>
              <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font face="arial,
                  helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Tōfā soifua,<br>
                  </b></font><b><font face="arial, helvetica,
                    sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig Skirgård</font></b></p>
              <b><br>
                References:<br>
              </b>Dunn, Michael, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink, Robert A.
              Foley & Stephen C. Levinson. 2005. Structural
              phylogenetics and the reconstruction of ancient language
              history. Science 309. 2072–2075. <br>
              <br>
              Dunn, Michael, Robert A. Foley, Stephen C. Levinson, Ger
              Reesink & Angela Terrill. 2007. Statistical reasoning
              in the evaluation of typological diversity in Island
              Melanesia. Oceanic Linguistics 46(2). 388-403. <br>
              <br>
              Dunn, Michael, Stephen C. Levinson, Eva Lindström, Ger
              Reesink, & Angela Terrill. 2008. Structural phylogeny
              in historical linguistics: Methodological explorations
              applied in Island Melanesia. Language 84(4). 710-759 <br>
              <br>
              Reesink, G., Singer, R., & Dunn, M. (2009). Explaining
              the linguistic diversity of Sahul using population models.
              PLoS Biology, 7(11), e1000241. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.10002<wbr>41<br>
              <br>
              Reesink, Ger & Michael Dunn (2012) Systematic
              typological comparison as a tool for investigating
              language history. in Nicholas Evans and Marian Klamer
              (eds) Language Documentation & Conservation Special
              Publication No. 5 Melanesian Languages on the Edge of
              Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century. pp. 34–71</div>
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                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br>
                                </b></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b>***</b></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><b><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig Skirgård</font></b><br>
                            </p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br>
                                </b>PhD Candidate<br>
                                <span style="color:rgb(196,89,17)">The
                                  Wellsprings of Linguistic Diversity</span></span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">ARC Centre of
                                Excellence for the Dynamics of Language</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">School of Culture,
                                History and Language<br>
                                College of Asia and the Pacific</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Rm 4203, H.C.
                                Coombs Building (#9)<br>
                                The Australian National University</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Acton ACT 2601</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Australia<br>
                                <br>
                                Co-chair of Public Relations</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Board of the </span><span style="font-size:9pt">International
                                Olympiad of Linguistics</span></p>
                            <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><a href="http://www.ioling.org" style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;font-size:9pt" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_5279137942271857238moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ioling.org" target="_blank">www.ioling.org</a><br>
                              <br>
                              <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt">Blogger at
                                  Humans Who Read Grammars</span></font><br>
                              <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px"><a href="http://humans-who-read-grammars.blogspot." target="_blank"></a><a class="m_5279137942271857238moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://humans-who-read" target="_blank">http://humans-who-read</a>-grammar<wbr>s.blogspot.<br>
                                  </span></font><br>
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    <br>
    <pre class="m_5279137942271857238moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
David Gil

Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany

Email: <a class="m_5279137942271857238moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): <a href="tel:+49%203641%20686834" value="+493641686834" target="_blank">+49-3641686834</a>
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