<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div>Dear Tianhua,</div><div><br></div><div>In Northern Sami, the situation is as in Finnish:<br> - dahje (/ dehe) in declarative sentences,</div><div> - vai (/ vuoi) in interrogative sentences.</div><div><br></div><div>M.M.Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest</div><div>CNRS & Université Sorbonne Nouvelle<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite">
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On 25.05.17 08:33, Hannu Tommola wrote:<br>
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<p>Dear Tianhua,<br>
<br>
in Finnish the distinction is made, _tai_ in declarative, and
_vai_ in interrogative sentences:<br>
<br>
a. (minä) tule-n (tänään) iltapäivä-llä tai
huomen+aamu-lla.<br>
1sg come-1sg today afternoon-adess or
tomorrow+morning-adess<br>
<br>
'I will come this afternoon or tomorrow morning'<br>
<br>
b. Tule-t-ko tänään vai huomenna?<br>
come-2sg-INTERR today or tomorrow<br>
<br>
‘Will you come today or tomorrow?’<br>
<br>
Best,</p>
<p>Hannu</p>
<p><br>
Quoting Tianhua Luo <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:tianhualuo@zju.edu.cn">tianhualuo@zju.edu.cn</a>>:</p>
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<pre style="word-wrap: break-word;" wrap="soft">Dear all,
Is anybody familiar with languages in which different disjunctions are used in declarative sentences and alternative questions? I am looking for further languages that employ a distinction between declarative '<i>or</i>' (either 'or') and interrogative '<i>or</i>' (whether 'or').
</pre>
<pre style="word-wrap: break-word;" wrap="soft">Thanks,
</pre>
<pre style="word-wrap: break-word;" wrap="soft">Tianhua
</pre>
<pre style="word-wrap: break-word;" wrap="soft">--
</pre>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="line-height: 17.5px;" lang="EN-US">In English the
same disjunction<i> </i>is used in both declarative
sentences and alternative questions.</span> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">(1) English</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2"> a. <i>I will come this afternoon <b>or</b> tomorrow
morning. </i></font></span><font style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">b. <i>Will
you come today <b>or</b> tomorrow?</i></span></font><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US">In Mandarin Chinese (and most other Sinitic
languages), <i>huozhe</i> ‘or’ is used in declarative
sentences and a different disjunction <i>haishi </i>‘or’
is used in alternative questions.</span> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">(2) Mandarin Chinese</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 20pt;
line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height:
15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">a.</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">wo</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">jintian</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">xiawu</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">huozhe</font></span></i></b></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">mingtian</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">shangwu</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">lai.</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px; font-variant-numeric:
normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">1sg</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">today</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">afternoon</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">or</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">tomorrow</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">morning</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">come</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="7" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">‘I will come this afternoon or
tomorrow morning.’</font></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 20pt;
line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height:
15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">b.</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">ni</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">jintian</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">lai</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">haishi</font></span></i></b></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">mingtian</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><i><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">lai?</font></span></i></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px; font-variant-numeric:
normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">2sg</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">today</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">come</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">or</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">tomorrow</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4px;"><span style="line-height: 15.4px;" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial">come</font></span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="6" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US">‘Will you come today or tomorrow?’</span> </font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-US">--</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">Tianhua
Luo</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">Department
of Chinese</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">Zhejiang
University</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">Tian Mu
Shan Lu 148</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">310028
Hangzhou </span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">China </span></font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Courier"><span lang="EN-US">eMail: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:tianhualuo@zju.edu.cn" target="_blank">tianhualuo@zju.edu.cn</a></span></font></div>
</blockquote>
<div>Hannu Tommola<br>
Professor emer. of Russian Language (Translation Theory and
Practice)<br>
School of Language, Translation and Literary Studies<br>
FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland</div>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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&
Leipzig University
IPF 141199
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D-04109 Leipzig
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