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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Call for Papers: The typology of postverbal negation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We (Johan van der Auwera and Olga Krasnoukhova, University of Antwerp), are organizing a
1 day Workshop on 'The typology of postverbal negation' at ICL 20, the International Congress of Linguists at Cape Town, 2-6 July 2018.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The description of the workshop follows below, and can be also found at:
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.icl20capetown.com/images/WorkshopSummaries/24.-The-typology-of-postverbal-negation.pdf"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">http://www.icl20capetown.com/images/WorkshopSummaries/24.-The-typology-of-postverbal-negation.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We would like to encourage interested colleagues to submit an abstract. Please feel free to contact us (</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">johan.vanderauwera@uantwerpen.be</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
, </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">olga.krasnoukhova@uantwerpen.be</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">)
if you have any queries. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The website of the Congress with preliminary information regarding themes and plenary speakers
is </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.icl20capetown.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">http://www.icl20capetown.com/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Important dates</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">:
The deadline for abstract submission is <b>24 July 2017.</b> To submit an abstract, please follow the link on the conference's website.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">With best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Johan van der Auwera and Olga Krasnoukhova<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Workshop description:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Workshop title: The typology of 'post-verbal' negation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Conveners: Johan van der Auwera and Olga Krasnoukhova, University of Antwerp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The cross-linguistic comparison of standard negation reveals a universal tendency to have a clausal negator before the verb. This tendency has
first been observed by Jespersen (1917: 5). It is often referred to as the 'Negative-First Principle' (after Horn 1989, 2001), and has been confirmed by a number of studies since then, e.g. Dahl (2010: 23-24), and it is most visible in Dryer’s maps in the
<i>World Atlas of Language Structures</i> <i>(WALS) </i>(Dryer 2013). Despite this tendency, a sizable proportion of the world's languages express negation after the verb, and a good number of these languages seem to cluster in areas, including the 'Macro Sudan
Belt', New Guinea and South America (see Güldemann 2007, Reesink 2002, Vossen 2016). In this workshop the typological questions of
<i>what? where?</i> And <i>why?</i> will be asked. The following issues need elucidation:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(i) A negator can either appear immediately after the verb or at the end of the clause – or somewhere in between. Languages can also exhibit
more than one type of postverbal negation. It needs to be made more precise what type postverbal languages resort under.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(ii) The term 'postverbal' does not make it clear what type of verb it is that the negator follows. Is it the lexical verb or is it the auxiliary,
when there is one? Currently, both approaches are used, both in grammars and in cross-linguistic work (e.g. Dahl 1979, 2010; Miestamo 2005; Dryer 2013). This makes generalizations hazardous. The compatibility as well as the rationale of both approaches need
attention.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(iii) What explains the existence of postverbal negation? Currently available
hypotheses, all diachronic, are (a) Jespersen's cycle, which typically doubles up a preverbal negator with a postverbal one and may leave the postverbal one as the sole exponent of negation (van der Auwera 2009), (b) the reinterpretation of a clause-final
or extra-clausal right periphery particle as negator, and (c) the reinterpretation of a clause-final verb as a negator (e.g. Givón 1978: 89). It is currently unclear which hypothesis is relevant where, whether the above list is complete or whether the hypotheses
are compatible with one another.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(iv) Is the choice of a postverbal negation connected to other word order choices? While it is clear that postverbal negation is not determined
by any other word order constellation, there may still be a statistical correlation, at least for subtypes of postverbal negation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(v) Negation can be 'morphologized' into the position of negative affixes and clitics either preceding or following the verb stem, but
<i>pace</i> Bybee (1985: 177) there does not seem to be any prefixing preference (Dryer 2013). The lack of correspondence between morphology and syntax needs further work.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(vi) The documented prevalence of postverbal negator in the three above mentioned
areas suggests that postverbal negation can arise or be reinforced through language contact (e.g. Reesink 2002:247, Idiatov 2015).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(vii) There is a difference between, at least, verbal negation, existential negation, imperative negation and the negation expressed in pronouns
or adverbs (Miestamo 2005, Croft 1991, Veselinova 2013, van der Auwera & Lejeune 2005, Haspelmath 1997). It is unclear whether, how and why negation placement can differ across these domains.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The workshop will address the above questions in individual languages and language families, as well as from a comparative
perspective. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">References:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-indent:-14.2pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Bybee, Joan L. 1985.
<i>Morphology: A Study of the Relation Between Meaning and Form</i>. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Croft, William Croft. 1991. The evolution of negation.
<i>Journal of Linguistics</i> 27: 1-27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dahl, Östen. 1979. Typology of sentence negation.
<i>Linguistics</i> 17: 79-106. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dahl, Östen. 2010. Typology of negation. In Laurence R. Horn (ed.)
<i>The Expression of negation</i>, 9-38. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dryer, Matthew. 2013. Order of negative morpheme and verb. In Matthew Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.)
<i>The World Atlas of Language Structures Online</i>. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/143, Accessed in December 2016).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Givón, Talmy. 1978. Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. In Peter Cole (ed.)
<i>Pragmatics</i>, 69-112. New York: Academic Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Güldemann, Tom. 2007. The Macro-Sudan belt: towards identifying a linguistic area in northern sub-Saharan Africa. In Bernd Heine & Derek Nurse
(eds.) <i>A Linguistic Geography of Africa</i>, pp. 151–185. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Haspelmath, Martin. 1997.
<i>Indefinite pronouns</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Horn, Laurence R. 1989 (2nd edn. 2001).
<i>A natural history of negation</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:14.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;font-weight:normal">Idiatov, Dmitry. 2015. Clause-final negative markers in Bobo and Samogo: parallel evolution and contact.
<i>Journal of Historical Linguistics</i> 5: 235–266. <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Jespersen, Otto. 1917.
<i>Negation in English and other languages</i>. Kopenhagen: Høst.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Miestamo, Matti. 2005.
<i>Standard negation. The negation of declarative verbal main clauses in a typological perspective.</i> Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:14.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Reesink, Ger P. 2002. Clause-final negation, structure and interpretation.
<i>Functions of Language</i> 9: 239-268.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">van der Auwera, Johan. 2009. The Jespersen Cycles.
</span><span lang="NL-BE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">In Elly van Gelderen (ed.)
</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cyclical change,
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">pp. 35-71. Amsterdam: Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">van der Auwera, Johan & Ludo Lejeune, with Valentin Goussev. 2005. The prohibitive. In Martin Haspelmath, Matthew Dryer, David Gil & Bernard
Comrie (eds.) <i>The World Atlas of Language Structures</i>, 290-293. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Veselinova, Ljuba. 2013. Negative existentials: a cross-linguistic study.
<i>Italian Journal of Linguistics </i>25: 107-145.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Vossen, Frens. 2016. Towards a typology of the Jespersen Cycles. Doctoral dissertation, University of Antwerp.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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