
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Emily,<div class="">This has been talked about extensively by Michael Halliday and his followers, as part of the interpersonal metafunction of the clause (sometimes dealt with under “appraisal”). I don’t know of any specific works contrasting different languages, but there are a number of descriptions of language using Halliday’s approach, and they would necessarily touch on this aspect. You could check </div><div class=""><a href="http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/Bibliographies/index.html" class="">http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/Bibliographies/index.html</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">or write to Jim Martin <<a href="mailto:jmartin@usyd.edu.au" class="">jmartin@usyd.edu.au</a>>, who would be on top of work in this area. He himself has worked on Tagalog in this regard.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Randy</div><div class=""><div class="">

<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">-----</span></span><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""><b class="">Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</b> （羅</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white; font-size: 13px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Song">仁地</font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">）| Professor of Linguistics and Chinese | Nanyang Technological University</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><br class=""><span style="background-color: white;" class="">HSS-03-45, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="background-color: white;" class=""> | </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="background-color: white;" class="">Tel: (65) 6592-1825 GMT+8h | Fax: (65) 6795-6525 | <a href="http://randylapolla.net/" class="">http://randylapolla.net/</a></span></span></span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="background-color: white;" class="">Most recent book:</span></span></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="background-color: white;" class=""><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif" size="2" class=""><a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324" class="">https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324</a></font></span></div></span></span></div></span></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">

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<br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 27 Jun 2017, at 4:55 AM, Emily M. Bender <<a href="mailto:ebender@uw.edu" class="">ebender@uw.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Dear all,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I'm interested in whether anyone has done any cross-linguistic</div><div class="">work on speaker attitude expressions, i.e. forms that express</div><div class="">the speaker's attitude vis-a-vis the content of a proposition they</div><div class="">are asserting (e.g. in English `fortunately' or `hopefully' and the</div><div class="">like).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I'm writing about semantics and pragmatics for an NLP audience</div><div class="">and want to include some information about how this kind</div><div class="">of meaning is encoded cross-linguistically.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Thank you,</div><div class="">Emily<br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>-- <br class=""><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Emily M. Bender<br class="">Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px" class="">Department of Linguistics</span></div><div dir="ltr" class="">Check out CLMS on facebook! <a href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma" target="_blank" class="">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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