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<p>In some Neo-Aramaic dialects (Semitic) there is semantic
neutralization of gender in words referring to young children, but
the word is morphologically feminine, which is the morphologically
marked gender, rather than morphologically masculine, which is the
morphologically unmarked gender, e.g. Qaraqosh <i>bati '</i>my
young daughter/son' < <i>brat-i </i>'my daughter'. Feminine
morphology is used elsewhere in the dialects to express diminutive
and endearment in kinship relations, which is what we seem to have
here.</p>
<p>Geoffrey Khan<br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/07/2017 20:00, Gary Holton wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CANmzZBN+cRpV6++o0wfSefX9ar_F4aNpaMogk5gcDFRQh7uuSw@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">Tobelo (North Halmahera) is similar:
<div><br>
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<div>
<div>-riaka ‘older same-sex sibling’</div>
<div>-dodoto ‘younger same-sex sibling’</div>
<div>-hiranga ‘opposite-sex sibling’</div>
</div>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 19, 2017 at 9:06 AM, Dryer,
Matthew <span dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
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<p class="MsoNormal">While Murdock (1968) discusses the
interaction of gender of ego with sibling of same sex
vs. sibling of opposite sex, he does not discuss the
interaction of these with older vs. younger sibling.
There are eight possible relationships by these three
parameters.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">All three of these parameters are
relevant in Walman (a Papuan language in the
Torricelli family), but relative age is neutralized
for siblings of opposite sex.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Matthew Dryer </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.<wbr>linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Guillaume Segerer <<a
href="mailto:guillaume.segerer@cnrs.fr"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">guillaume.segerer@cnrs.fr</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Wednesday, July 19, 2017 at 9:41 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>"<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp@listserv.<wbr>linguistlist.org</a>"
<<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp@listserv.<wbr>linguistlist.org</a>><span
class=""><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Kinship systems
that distinguish age but not gender</span></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<p>Hi all</p>
<div>
<div class="h5">
<p>What Hedwig is looking for is common in West
Africa. I can think of Manjaku, Balanta and
Bijogo, but RefLex (<a
href="http://www.reflex.cnrs.fr" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">www.reflex.cnrs.fr</a>)
also gives interesting results for some Bantu
languages, among others. Many languages (like
Joola, Baynunk) have a contrast between "same sex
sibling" vs "opposite sex sibling", regardless of
age. I have no example in mind of languages having
a 4-term contrast combinig the two above features.</p>
<p>Guillaume Segerer</p>
<p> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Le 19/07/2017 à 10:31, Hedvig
Skirgård a écrit :</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear LINGTYP, </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Does anyone know of a
language that has a distinction in the
kinship system for age of referent
(younger/older) without also having a
distinction for gender of referent? For
example, a language that marks siblings as
being younger or older to ego without
reference to being sister or brother.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The hypothesis is that
this doesn't happen/is very rare. We'd like
to know if you've come across any examples
of this.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I'm asking for my friend
Alex (cc:ed) who is not on the list. Please
direct any responses or comments to her.</p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<div>
<p><b>***</b></p>
<p><b>Tōfā soifua,</b></p>
<p><b>Hedvig Skirgård</b></p>
<p><b><br>
</b>PhD Candidate<br>
The Wellsprings of
Linguistic Diversity</p>
<p>ARC Centre of Excellence
for the Dynamics of
Language</p>
<p>School of Culture,
History and Language<br>
College of Asia and the
Pacific</p>
<p>Rm 4203, H.C. Coombs
Building (#9)<br>
The Australian National
University</p>
<p>Acton ACT 2601</p>
<p>Australia<br>
<br>
Co-chair of Public
Relations</p>
<p>Board of the
International Olympiad of
Linguistics</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.ioling.org"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">www.ioling.org</a><br>
<br>
Blogger at Humans Who Read
Grammars<br>
<a
href="http://humans-who-read-grammars.blogspot."
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://humans-who-read-<wbr>grammars.blogspot.</a></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
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<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Geoffrey Khan
Regius Professor of Hebrew
University of Cambridge
Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
Sidgwick Avenue
Cambridge CB3 9DA
UK</pre>
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