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<p>Dear Emily,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>In Russian, we observe the following situation (which, I think, can also be found in some other languages). No strict border between word order variants in matrix vs. subordinate clauses is observed.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>However, some subordinate clauses differ statistically from matrix ones in their word order choice. For instance, complement clauses with the complementizer "chto" seem to be similar to main clauses. By contrast, in complement clauses with "kak", as corpus
figures show, the proportion of VS(O), compared to SV(O) is greater than in main clauses.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>For example, in the main clause we normally say:<br>
<br>
Mam-a Pet-i stare-et<br>
mother-SG.NOM Peter-SG.GEN get.old-PRS.3SG</p>
<p>'Peter's mother is getting old.'</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>In the clause with "chto", the same SV order is normally chosen:<br>
<br>
Petj-a chuvstvova-l-0 chto ego mam-a <br>
Peter-SG.NOM feel-PST-SG.M that his mother-SG.NOM</p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">stare-et</span><br>
get.old-PRS.3SG</p>
<p>'Petja felt that his mother was getting older.'</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>The VS order sounds strange here.</p>
<p><br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the clause with "kak", the VS order is normal:<br>
</span><br>
</p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">
Petj-a chuvstvova-l-0 kak <span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">stare-et</span> <br>
Peter-SG.NOM feel-PST-SG.M how get.old-PRS.3SG</p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">ego mam-a </span><br>
</p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">
his mother-SG.NOM</p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;">
'Petja felt that (lit. how) his mother was getting older.'<br>
</p>
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<br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>Best regards,</p>
<p><br>
Alexander Letuchiy, Moscow</p>
<br>
<br>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Emily M. Bender <ebender@uw.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 20, 2017 11:59 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Word order variation between matrix & subordinate clauses</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Dear all,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Two students working with me are adding libraries to the Grammar Matrix</div>
<div>to handled two types of subordinate clauses: those that are modifiers of the</div>
<div>main clause and those that are clausal complements. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>In our review of the literature, we have found that sometimes subordinate</div>
<div>clauses are marked (in part) by having a different word order from matrix clauses,</div>
<div>but we are only familiar with this from Germanic languages. In particular</div>
<div>we know of two patterns:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>(1) German: V2 in the matrix clause and V final in subordinate clauses.</div>
<div>(2) Swedish: Different position of adverbs in matrix v. subordinate clauses</div>
<div>with respect to the finite verb.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Do you know of any other languages that have different constraints on word</div>
<div>order between matrix and subordinate clauses, and in particular any that</div>
<div>display patterns other than the two above?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Many thanks,</div>
<div>Emily</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
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<div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>
Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div>
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