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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Sergey,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I suppose you are familiar with Nedjalkov’s work on resultatives (1983 in Russian, 1988 in English). In many languages (for instance
in Europe), the present tense resultative is practically indistinguishable from the passive, and the passive evolves from the object-oriented resultative. Thus, aren’t the folllowing observations, which go back to Nedjalkov’s seminal work, related to your
questions and, in part, provide you with an answer?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">According to an implicational relationship established by Nedjalkov/Jaxontov (1983: 26, 32f.
<span lang="EN-US">[1988: 36, 47f.])</span>, the actional passive reading is most difficult to get in the present tense, while it is facilitated in the past and the future. This implication allows to predict that the actional passive reading is abandoned first
in the present tense. This is what we actually observe in Russian.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="RU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Maybe, this proves to be of help.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Björn.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sergey Lyosov<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 2, 2017 10:24 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] PASSIVE AND TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Dear colleagues,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Are you aware of discussions regarding temporal anchoring of Passive: has it been claimed that Passive is easier associated with Past than Future? I.e., that
Passive is statistically more common in Past than in Future (and perhaps Present). If yes, are there explanations of this?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Sergey </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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