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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hi Mike,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Perhaps you are already familiar with the role of tone in Kalam Kohistani (aka Gawri
</span><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[gwc]</span><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">), the Indo-Aryan language in northern Pakistan that Joan Baart has studied. Tone (with or without vowel modification) is actually
one of the main mechanisms of a singular vs. plural distinction (as well as case distinctions). For instance, if the singular has H, the plural often has HL. This is a rather unusual system even among the Indo-Aryan languages of that region (Joan describes
the language as having five “melodies”), even though contrastive lexical tone is relatively common in the languages of the Hindu Kush region. Possibly there are similar things going on in neighbouring Torwali [trw] and Kalkoti [xka] (see my paper below), but
that is yet to be fully described.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Henrik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Baart, J. L. G. “Tone Rules in Kalam Kohistani (Garwi, Bashkarik).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62 (1999): 87–104.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Baart, J. L. G. A Sketch of Kalam Kohistani Grammar.
</span><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Vol. 5. Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1999.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Baart, J. L. G. The Sounds and Tones of Kalam Kohistan: With Wordlist and Texts. Vol. 1. Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies,
Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics., 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Liljegren, Henrik. “Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences.” Linguistic Discovery 11, no. 1 (2013): 129–60. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.423.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Mike Cahill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 26 September 2017 23:40<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] tone alone marking plural nouns?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Starting with some research on marking tone in African orthographies, I’ve come across 37 languages that mark the singular and plural distinction of at least some of their nouns solely by tone. Interestingly, in about
2/3 of these so far, the plural has some sort of higher tone than the singular. <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m looking for other examples of the same thing, particularly non-African. Wayne Leman sent me some Cheyenne examples. In Cheyenne, there seems no consistent pattern of either raising or lowering the tone of the plural
– it’s all over the place. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m hoping some of you know of other languages that do this kind of thing. Of course, I’m not averse to hearing about African languages – it may be quite possible you know of a language I don’t have on my list yet. Please
copy me directly (<a href="mailto:mike_cahill@sil.org">mike_cahill@sil.org</a>) as well as the list!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Mike Cahill<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">Dr. Michael Cahill<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">Orthography Services Coordinator, SIL International
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">Dallas, TX 75236<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">USA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">email: <a href="mailto:mike_cahill@sil.org">
mike_cahill@sil.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">phone: 972-708-7632<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang="EN-US">**************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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