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<p>Dear colleagues</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>I am now completing a typological study of serial verb constructions (which should be published next year). As in all my typological studies, I would like to include some information on child language acquisition of serial verbs and also on serial verbs
in language dissolution - that is, aphasia, etc.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Thanks to my colleagues - especially Hannah Sarvasy, Ekaterina Protassova, and Ayhan Aksu-Koc, - I have got quite a few 'pointers' and references on how children acquire serial verbs (and multiverb constructions which are not serial verbs).
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>I haven't been able to locate anything much on serial verb constructions in language dissolution.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Would any of you be aware of such work - perhaps with regard to Chinese? Thai?</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Best wishes</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Sasha<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
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<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, PhD, DLitt, FAHA </span>
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<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>Distinguished Professor and Australian Laureate Fellow</span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>Director of the Language and Culture Research Centre</span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>James Cook University</span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia</span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoPlainText"><span>http://www.jcu.edu.au/faess/JCUPRD_043649.html</span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b>From:</b> Discussion List for ALT <LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG> on behalf of Françoise Rose <Francoise.Rose@UNIV-LYON2.FR><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, 19 September 2011 7:25 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: passive/causative homonymy</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">Dear Dr Schulze,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">Mojeño Trinitario, an Arawak language spoken in Bolivia, also shows this polyfunctionality.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">The prefix ko- is used for middle or passive (with mediopassive, impersonal, autocausative or anticausative functions), only on transitive verbs (which then lose their active suffix
–ko).</span></p>
<p class="x_StyleListenumros2Justifi1" style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span lang="ES-BO" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"><span>(1)<span style="font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="ES-BO" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">to vaka t-<b>ko-</b>y(u)wa</span></i><span lang="ES-BO" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"> verb
<i>yuwa-ko</i> “to chop”</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-BO" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-variant: small-caps;">art</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">.<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">nh</span> meat 3-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">mid</span>-chop
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"> ‘The meat is chopped. ’</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">The prefix ko- is also used on verbs, in the same position, to express direct causation. It can be used on both active intransitive and transitive verbs, and the active suffix –ko (here
its allomorph –‘) is maintained.</span></p>
<p class="x_StyleListenumros2Justifi1" style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"><span>(2)<span style="font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">p-<b>k-</b>em-'-a to yuku</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoListNumber2" style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"> 2sg-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">cau</span>-go.out(fire)-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">act-irr</span>
<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">art</span>.<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">nh</span> fire</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoListNumber2" style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">
</span><span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">Put out the fire!</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"> </span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">If I remember well, Denis Creissels has told me this polyfunctionality was also found in Korean, Japonese and Hungarian. Denis has a nice explanation for
this, at least in Hungarian.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">I could give you more examples if you need.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);">Best,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Françoise ROSE</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS, Université Lumière Lyon 2)</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Institut des Sciences de l'Homme</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">FRANCE</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189);"> </span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">De :</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">
Discussion List for ALT [mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG] <b>De la part de</b> Wolfgang Schulze<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 16 septembre 2011 13:25<br>
<b>À :</b> LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Objet :</b> passive/causative homonymy</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Dear friends,<br>
I'm currently working on instances of passive/causative homonymy. Let me just give two examples from Manchu (Tungus) to illustrate the problem:<br>
<br>
Passive:<br>
<i>tere inenggi mi-ni jakûn morin hûlha-<b>bu</b>-fi</i><br>
that day 1SG-GEN eight horse:NOM steal-<b>PASS</b>-PFV:CNV<br>
'On that day my eight horses were stolen (by bandits).'<br>
<br>
Causative:<br>
<i>bi morin be ule-<b>bu</b>-me</i><br>
1SG:NOM horse ACC drink-<b>CAUS</b>-IPFV:CNV<br>
'I let the horse drink (water).'<br>
<br>
For <i>-bu-</i> marking the causative we might think of the verb <i>bu-</i> 'give' as a potential source of grammaticalization. However, it is far from being clear whether the same
<i>-bu-</i> is present in the passive form. Usually, <i>-bu-</i> is said to represent a homonymous pair, not an instance of polysemy. However note that in some other Tungus languages, the formal merger of passive and causative may show up, too (apart from
another, specialized passive morpheme). Similar instances occur in Korean (e.g. c<i>ap-hita</i> 'let/have catch, be caught',
<i>mul-lita</i> 'have/let bite, be bitten' etc.). Again, grammars normally speak of secondary homonymy due to specific sound processes. Nevertheless, I'm not sure whether the parallel between (Southern) Tungus and Korean is mere coincidence (given the fact
that the languages at issue are spoken in relative neighborhood). However, before trying to provide an explanation based on the assumption of the presence of polysemy (that would be rather complex in nature - I do not want to bother you with this here), I
would be eager to learn whether there are other languages that exhibit the same type of homonymy, that is a single (!) strategy (morphological or analytic) to encode passives and causatives. Likewise, I'm totally ignorant whether this phenomenon has already
been discussed in the literature (my fault, I admit!). So, I would be extremely thankful, if you could tell me about helpful references and whether there are other languages that show analogous strategies. Maybe Estonian is another candidate, cf.
<i>soovi-ta </i>'be wished' ~ '*have something being wished' ~ '*have s.o. wish' > 'recommend', but I'm not sure whether I have got these data right.
<br>
<br>
Very best wishes,<br>
Wolfgang </p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">----------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulze </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span></p>
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</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Institut für Allgemeine & Typologische Sprachwissenschaft
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Dept. II / F 13 </span></p>
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