<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Ian & Timur,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">thank you very much for your examples! </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Concerning the Cantonese examples with a speech verb following a clause with a specific speech verb (‘complain’) or a mental verb (’think’), one can find the similar case also in colloquial Hungarian, forming what Güldemann (2012: 120) calls 'a biclausal bipartite QI’ of a type “then Peter tells him, he says”-construction:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class="">...</i></font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class=""><b class="">mondta</b></i></font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class=""> az egyik riporterünk, az egyik körkapcsoláson,</i></font></font></div><div class=""><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">say.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">prs</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.3</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">sg</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> one of reporter.1</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pl</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> one.of circular.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">supe</font></font></font></span></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class="">Zalaegerszeg-MTK találkozón, </i></font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class=""><b class="">aszongya</b></i></font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class="">: “Kedves hallgatóink, a két</i></font></font></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pn</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">-</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pn</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> meeting.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">supe</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">qi</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> dear listener.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pl</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.1</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pl</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> 2</font></font></font></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><i class="">MTK-játékos egymást zavarta a kapu elrúgásában”.</i></font></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">MTK-players one another.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">acc</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> trouble.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">pst</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.3</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">sg</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">def</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class=""> gate kicking.3</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">sg</font></font></font></span><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">.</font></font></font><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class=""><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><font style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">ine</font></font></font></span></p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 12px;"><font color="#000000" class="">‘</font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class="">One of our reporters, during one of the circular games, in the meeting between Zalaegerszeg and MTK, said: </font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><u class="">“Dear listeners, 2 MTK players impede each other while kicking at the gate”</u></font></font><font color="#000000" class=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class="">’ (<a href="http://weebly.com" class="">weebly.com</a>).</font></font></p><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">where <i class="">aszongya </i>is a particalized merge of the demonstrative <i class="">azt ‘</i>dem.acc’<i class=""> </i>and the generic speech verb <i class="">mondja </i>‘say.prs.3sg.def’ (sorry for the lack of the alignment between the lines in the example). </div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best wishes, </div><div class="">Denys </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 6 Jan 2018, at 21:38, JOO Ian <<a href="mailto:il.y.en.a@outlook.com" class="">il.y.en.a@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1257" class="">
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<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Dear Timur,<br class="">
<br class="">
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A similar case happens in Cantonese as well. Please see below.<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Matthews, Stephen, and Virginia Yip. Cantonese: a comprehensive grammar. Routledge, 2013.<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
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<span id="cid:240ccc4b-fe73-42b9-9ad3-2f0bceff580d"><Screenshot_20180107-033525.png></span><br class="">
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<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Ian Joo<br class="">
</div>
<hr tabindex="-1" style="display:inline-block; width:98%" class="">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" class=""><b class="">From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Timur Maisak <<a href="mailto:timur.maisak@gmail.com" class="">timur.maisak@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b> Sunday, January 7, 2018 3:32:56 AM<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Quotations of speech vs. quotations of thoughts</font>
<div class=""> </div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">Dear Denys,
<div class="">to add one more example, in Agul (Lezgic, Nakh-Daghestanian), the main speech verb 'say' in reported speech constructions sometimes introduces thoughts, not speech (see ex. 20 here:
<a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3007166%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7C698b5a43d2424a2f605608d5553c7465%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636508640499267573&sdata=EAbMWGbz7Rv%2BodhQrf%2FbozB6BuHo%2Byqk85Z9Iexm9WM%3D&reserved=0" class="">
https://www.academia.edu/3007166/</a>). </div>
<div class="">This is not found frequently, and there are dedicated verbs of thinking (complex verbs "thought + do"). These verbs of thinking do not introduce speech, as far as I know.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Best,</div>
<div class="">Timur</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br class="">
<div class="gmail_quote">2018-01-06 22:23 GMT+03:00 JOO Ian <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:il.y.en.a@outlook.com" target="_blank" class="">il.y.en.a@outlook.com</a>></span>:<br class="">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Dear Stef,<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Your thought that "explicitly marked reported thought (e.g. with a matrix verb commonly meaning 'think') is not interpreted as reported speech" is interesting, but wouldn't it be possible, on pragmatic grounds, for a verb meaning 'to think' to refer to an actual
utterance? For example:<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
"Donald Trump thinks that he should be elected again."<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
could refer to Trump's actual utterance "I should be elected again".<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
But I'm not sure if this is a valid counterexample, I would like to know what others think.<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
</font></span></div>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888" class="">
<div dir="auto" style="direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;" class="">
Ian Joo<br class="">
</div>
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<a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fianjoo.academia.edu&data=02%7C01%7C%7C698b5a43d2424a2f605608d5553c7465%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636508640499267573&sdata=Kj6lCMnn3gKJJY8sTXScEIgmxj30US0L1%2Bso5bp%2BUZw%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" class="">http://ianjoo.academia.edu</a></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%" class="">
</font></span>
<div id="m_-8951123884979018207divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" class=""><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888" class=""><b class="">From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.<wbr class="">linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Spronck, Stef <<a href="mailto:stef.spronck@helsinki.fi" target="_blank" class="">stef.spronck@helsinki.fi</a>><br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b> Sunday, January 7, 2018 2:49:16 AM</font></span>
<div class="">
<div class="h5"><br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> Denys T.<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr class="">org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Quotations of speech vs. quotations of thoughts</div>
</div>
</font>
<div class=""> </div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="h5">
<div class="">
<div id="m_-8951123884979018207divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', NotoColorEmoji, 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Android Emoji', EmojiSymbols;" class="">
<div id="m_-8951123884979018207divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', NotoColorEmoji, 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Android Emoji', EmojiSymbols;" class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Hi Denys,</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">At the risk of simply restating the two previous responses: I think that given the polyfunctionality and high frequency of quotative indexes not derived from verbs of speech crosslinguistically (as Ekkehard points out),
we should be careful to gloss a quotative index as 'say', rather than give it a more generic gloss, unless there is construction-independent evidence for a 'say' meaning of the lexeme (a point Bill McGregor also makes in a recent book chapter about quotative
indexes in several Australian Aboriginal languages: <span class="">McGregor, W. B. In: Robering, K. (Ed.) The 'say, do' verb in Nyulnyul, Warrwa, and other Nyulnylan languages is monosemic Events, Arguments and Aspects: Topics in the Semantics of Verbs, Amsterdam/Philadelphia:
John Benjamins, 2014, 301-327 (would be happy to send you a scanned copy off-list)</span>).<br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">That said (!), all descriptions about the polyfunctionality of reported speech constructions/quotative indexes I have seen replicate David's observation about colloquial Indonesian: reported speech constructions may
also be interpreted as reported thought, but explicitly marked reported thought (e.g. with a matrix verb commonly meaning 'think') is not interpreted as reported speech. If anyone has a counterexample to this observation I would be very interested!
<br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Best,</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Stef<br class="">
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
</div>
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<div class="">Stef Spronck<br class=""><p class=""><font size="1" class=""><span style="font-size:8pt" class=""></span></font><span style="font-size:8pt" class="">Postdoctoral researcher at the
</span><span style="font-size:8pt" class="">University of Helsinki (HU Humanities Programme)</span></p>
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<div id="m_-8951123884979018207divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" class=""><b class="">From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.<wbr class="">linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of "Ekkehard König" <<a href="mailto:koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de" target="_blank" class="">koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de</a>><br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b> Saturday, 6 January 2018 7:27:11 PM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> Denys T.<br class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr class="">org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Quotations of speech vs. quotations of thoughts</font>
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<div class="m_-8951123884979018207PlainText">Dear Denys,<br class="">
<br class="">
even if this is not exactly the information you were hoping to get, it may<br class="">
still be of interest to you:<br class="">
<br class="">
- in a wide variety of Indo-European languages quotative markers derive<br class="">
from deomonstratives of manner, typically from the exophoric use (German<br class="">
so; French ainsi, etc.) in combination with verbs of saying or without.<br class="">
(cf. pp. 159 of the article attached)<br class="">
<br class="">
(i)"Bla, bla bla", so die Kanzlerin,...<br class="">
<br class="">
- as is shown in Güldemann (2008) - also quoted in my article - in many<br class="">
African languages manner demonstratives and non-deictic expressions of<br class="">
manner provide the main source of quotative markers and in many cases such<br class="">
expressions of manner have been reanalysed as verbs of saying [rather than<br class="">
the other way round].<br class="">
<br class="">
- similar sources of quotative markers can be observed in languages from<br class="">
other areas, e.g. in Japanese.<br class="">
<br class="">
Another example from my own language comes to mind: like Dutch (betekenis<br class="">
- bedoeling), but in contrast to English, German draws a distinction<br class="">
between sentence/word meaning (bedeuten) and speaker/utterance meaning<br class="">
(meinen). The latter verb can be used for both saying and thinking, at<br class="">
least in certain contexts (Karl meinte....'Karl thought/said').<br class="">
<br class="">
Best wishes,<br class="">
<br class="">
Ekkehard<br class="">
<br class="">
-<br class="">
<br class="">
> Dear colleagues (especially those working with quotative markers and<br class="">
> reported speech),<br class="">
><br class="">
> in Erzya (Mordvinic, Uralic), the verb merģems with the primary meaning<br class="">
> ‘say’ is also used to quote thoughts:<br class="">
><br class="">
> (1) Mon merģinģ, ton Saransat.<br class="">
> 1sg say.pst.1sg 2sg Saransk.ine.prs.2sg<br class="">
> ‘I thought (lit. I said), you are in Saransk’ (Aasmäe 2012: 66).<br class="">
><br class="">
> However, out of context, the QI-clause Mon merģinģ would likely be<br class="">
> interpreted as ‘I said’ and instead of quotation of thoughts one will get<br class="">
> the quotation of speech. It is, of course, not a unique thing that one<br class="">
> quotative index (clause) can be used to mark different types of reported<br class="">
> discourse. I am wondering whether there is cross-linguistic evidence,<br class="">
> pointing that the reading ‘I/you/X said’ is prior to the reading ‘I/you/X<br class="">
> thought’ in such cases? For instance, notorious I was like to be<br class="">
> interpreted out of context as 'I said' rather than 'I thought'? Or that<br class="">
> speech verbs are frequently used to mark mental processes, but not vice<br class="">
> versa? Is there any hierarchy in the reading of quotations? Are there any<br class="">
> studies that would show that one would be prior to another? Is it even<br class="">
> reasonable to expect to find something like this? Any suggestions, hints,<br class="">
> (language-specific) examples are more than welcome!<br class="">
><br class="">
> Cheers!<br class="">
><br class="">
> Have a nice evening!<br class="">
><br class="">
> Best wishes from Tartu,<br class="">
> Denys Teptiuk_______________________<wbr class="">________________________<br class="">
> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
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