<div dir="ltr">Dear All,<div><br></div><div>There's a recently published article "Non-African Linguists Be Like, “This Is a New Way to Quote!”" where I and my colleague trace the development of a quotative complementizer 'that' from a verb of 'like/resemble' in Akan (spoken in Ghana) and Black English. Perhaps you'll find the information and data there useful.</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,</div><div><br></div><div>/reggie</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 10:09 PM, Cliff Goddard <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:c.goddard@griffith.edu.au" target="_blank">c.goddard@griffith.edu.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear all,<div><br></div><div>The claim that the "SAY/DO/THINK" verb found in many nonPama-Nyungan languages is monosemous has been disputed by Knight (2008), in a closely reasoned paper about Bunuba. I have a feeling this paper is not widely known, so I am attaching it. Regarding DO vs. SAY, see section 5.</div><div><br></div><div>Best</div><div><br></div><div>-- Cliff</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_-2037719451306549331gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:small">---------<br></div><div style="font-size:small"><b>Cliff Goddard | </b><b>Professor in Linguistics</b></div><div style="font-size:small"><div><div><b>Program Director, Bachelor of Languages and Linguistics</b></div></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><b style="font-size:13px"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)">School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science</span></b><b style="font-size:13px"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><br></span></b><b style="font-size:13px"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:red">Griffith University </span></b><b style="font-size:13px"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><font color="#666666">| Nathan Campus | QLD 4111 | Building location N06 Room -1.07</font><br><font color="#666666">T </font><a href="tel:%2B61%207%203735%204853" value="+61737354853" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff">+61 7 3735</font></a><font color="#0000ff"><a href="tel:%2B61%207%203735%204853" value="+61737354853" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff"> </font></a><u>3807</u></font><font color="#666666">| email </font><font color="#0000ff"><u>c.goddard</u><a href="mailto:l.weinglass@griffith.edu.au" target="_blank">@<wbr>griffith.edu.au</a></font></span></b><br></div><div><br></div></div><div style="font-size:small"><div><b>NSM Homepage: </b><a href="https://www.griffith.edu.au/humanities-languages/school-humanities-languages-social-science/research/natural-semantic-metalanguage-homepage" target="_blank">https://www.<wbr>griffith.edu.au/humanities-<wbr>languages/school-humanities-<wbr>languages-social-science/<wbr>research/natural-semantic-<wbr>metalanguage-homepage</a> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:11pt">[short
URL <a href="http://bit.ly/1XUoRRV" target="_blank">bit.ly/1XUoRRV</a>]</span></div></div><div style="font-size:small"><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/griffith.edu.au/uc?id=0B_rU8JLv6NVLeFNnNkRBbXdyY1E&export=download"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div class="h5">
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On 7 January 2018 at 05:49, Spronck, Stef <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:stef.spronck@helsinki.fi" target="_blank">stef.spronck@helsinki.fi</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,"EmojiFont","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols">
<div id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,"EmojiFont","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols">
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Hi Denys,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">At the risk of simply restating the two previous responses: I think that given the polyfunctionality and high frequency of quotative indexes not derived from verbs of speech crosslinguistically (as Ekkehard points out),
we should be careful to gloss a quotative index as 'say', rather than give it a more generic gloss, unless there is construction-independent evidence for a 'say' meaning of the lexeme (a point Bill McGregor also makes in a recent book chapter about quotative
indexes in several Australian Aboriginal languages: <span>McGregor, W. B. In: Robering, K. (Ed.) The 'say, do' verb in Nyulnyul, Warrwa, and other Nyulnylan languages is monosemic Events, Arguments and Aspects: Topics in the Semantics of Verbs, Amsterdam/Philadelphia:
John Benjamins, 2014, 301-327 (would be happy to send you a scanned copy off-list)</span>).<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">That said (!), all descriptions about the polyfunctionality of reported speech constructions/quotative indexes I have seen replicate David's observation about colloquial Indonesian: reported speech constructions may
also be interpreted as reported thought, but explicitly marked reported thought (e.g. with a matrix verb commonly meaning 'think') is not interpreted as reported speech. If anyone has a counterexample to this observation I would be very interested!
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Best,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Stef<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<div id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857Signature">
<div id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,"EmojiFont","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols">
<p></p>
<div>Stef Spronck<br>
<p><font size="1"><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></font><span style="font-size:8pt">Postdoctoral researcher at the
</span><span style="font-size:8pt">University of Helsinki (HU Humanities Programme)</span></p>
<span style="font-size:8pt"></span><span style="font-size:8pt"><a href="http://www.degruyteropen.com/people/stef-spronck/" class="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857OWAAutoLink" id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857LPNoLP" target="_blank">Section editor</a> Linguistic Typology and Pragmatics at
<span class="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857OWAAutoLink"><i><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/opli" class="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857OWAAutoLink" id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857LPNoLP" target="_blank">Open Linguistics</a></i></span><br>
</span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span><a href="https://participationgrammar.net" id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857LPNoLP" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:8pt">https://participationgrammar.n<wbr>et</span><font size="1"><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></font></a></div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
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<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div id="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.ling<wbr>uistlist.org</a>> on behalf of "Ekkehard König" <<a href="mailto:koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de" target="_blank">koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, 6 January 2018 7:27:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Denys T.<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Quotations of speech vs. quotations of thoughts</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div class="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857BodyFragment"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt">
<div class="m_-2037719451306549331m_5017915826677850857PlainText"><div><div class="m_-2037719451306549331h5">Dear Denys,<br>
<br>
even if this is not exactly the information you were hoping to get, it may<br>
still be of interest to you:<br>
<br>
- in a wide variety of Indo-European languages quotative markers derive<br>
from deomonstratives of manner, typically from the exophoric use (German<br>
so; French ainsi, etc.) in combination with verbs of saying or without.<br>
(cf. pp. 159 of the article attached)<br>
<br>
(i)"Bla, bla bla", so die Kanzlerin,...<br>
<br>
- as is shown in Güldemann (2008) - also quoted in my article - in many<br>
African languages manner demonstratives and non-deictic expressions of<br>
manner provide the main source of quotative markers and in many cases such<br>
expressions of manner have been reanalysed as verbs of saying [rather than<br>
the other way round].<br>
<br>
- similar sources of quotative markers can be observed in languages from<br>
other areas, e.g. in Japanese.<br>
<br>
Another example from my own language comes to mind: like Dutch (betekenis<br>
- bedoeling), but in contrast to English, German draws a distinction<br>
between sentence/word meaning (bedeuten) and speaker/utterance meaning<br>
(meinen). The latter verb can be used for both saying and thinking, at<br>
least in certain contexts (Karl meinte....'Karl thought/said').<br>
<br>
Best wishes,<br>
<br>
Ekkehard<br>
<br>
-<br>
<br>
> Dear colleagues (especially those working with quotative markers and<br>
> reported speech),<br>
><br></div></div>
> in Erzya (Mordvinic, Uralic), the verb merģems with the primary meaning<span><br>
> ‘say’ is also used to quote thoughts:<br>
><br></span>
> (1) Mon merģinģ, ton Saransat.<span><br>
> 1sg say.pst.1sg 2sg Saransk.ine.prs.2sg<br>
> ‘I thought (lit. I said), you are in Saransk’ (Aasmäe 2012: 66).<br>
><br></span>
> However, out of context, the QI-clause Mon merģinģ would likely be<span><br>
> interpreted as ‘I said’ and instead of quotation of thoughts one will get<br>
> the quotation of speech. It is, of course, not a unique thing that one<br>
> quotative index (clause) can be used to mark different types of reported<br>
> discourse. I am wondering whether there is cross-linguistic evidence,<br>
> pointing that the reading ‘I/you/X said’ is prior to the reading ‘I/you/X<br>
> thought’ in such cases? For instance, notorious I was like to be<br>
> interpreted out of context as 'I said' rather than 'I thought'? Or that<br>
> speech verbs are frequently used to mark mental processes, but not vice<br>
> versa? Is there any hierarchy in the reading of quotations? Are there any<br>
> studies that would show that one would be prior to another? Is it even<br>
> reasonable to expect to find something like this? Any suggestions, hints,<br>
> (language-specific) examples are more than welcome!<br>
><br>
> Cheers!<br>
><br>
> Have a nice evening!<br>
><br>
> Best wishes from Tartu,<br>
> Denys Teptiuk_______________________<wbr>________________________<br>
> Lingtyp mailing list<br>
> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br>
> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.o<wbr>rg/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
><br>
</span></div>
</span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Reginald Akuoko Duah (PhD)</div><div dir="ltr">------<br><div>Lecturer, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px">Coordinator, School of Languages Seminar Series</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px">Fellow, ACLS-AHP (F12, F17)</span></div><div>College of Humanities</div><div>University of Ghana, Legon</div><div>Email: <a href="mailto:raduah@ug.edu.gh" target="_blank">raduah@ug.edu.gh</a></div><div>Tel: +233-270-674-848</div><div>webpage: <a href="http://www.reggieduah.ga/" target="_blank">http://www.reggieduah.ga/</a></div><div><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div>