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Dear Ian and all,<br>
<br>
A somewhat different example of the areal diffusion of an iconic
pattern is discussed in
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://wlp.shh.mpg.de/4/abstracts/ArnoldGil.pdf">https://wlp.shh.mpg.de/4/abstracts/ArnoldGil.pdf</a>: here's the first
paragraph from the abstract:<br>
<br>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:55.0pt"><span
style="font-size:15.0pt;
font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><small>This
paper presents some preliminary
explorations into the ideophone eeeH and related forms
occurring in (at least)
three languages of West Papua: Papuan Malay, Ambel (an
Austronesian language of
Raja Ampat) and Roon (an Austronesian language of the
Cenderawasih Bay). Phonetically,
eeeH consists of an extra-long front mid vowel [e] associated
with a high or
high falling pitch contour. Semantically, eeeH expresses
excessivity, typically
with respect to literal or metaphorical distance; in addition,
it endows the
utterance with greater vividness and expressivity.</small><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br>
In this example, iconicity is provided by the extra-long vowel and
the high pitch contour, associated with excessivity and
expressivity. Although all three languages discussed are
Austronesian, the paper argues that the distribution of the
ideophone is an areal characteristic of a small region of New
Guinea, and spread via diffusion.<br>
<br>
During the recent ALS conference in Sydney, I learned that the
iconic component of the above ideophone is also present in many
languages of Australia, so its areal distribution is apparently much
wider.<br>
<br>
David<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/02/2018 14:42, JOO Ian wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">Dear fellow
members of the mailing list,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">Gordon (1995) and
Nichols & Peterson (1996) confirm that nasals are
frequent in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> person
pronouns around the world, but different continent prefer
different nasals for each pronoun: Eurasian languages prefer
/m/ for the 1<sup>st</sup> pronoun, whereas the “Pacific
Rim” prefers /m/ for the 2<sup>nd</sup> pronoun, and the
initial /ŋ-/ is prevalent in Australian languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">Nichols and
Peterson conjectured that this may be the cause of "</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif">areal relatedness due to diffusion of
phonosymbolic canons</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">”. That is,
iconic patterns may be diffused throughout languages, not
just independently emerge from each language. The example
they add is the system of /mama/ and /papa</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">/:</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif">In personal pronoun systems</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">,
<i>n</i> </span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif">and
</span><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">m</span></i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"> can be said to mark different dimensions
of a minimal deictic space. They do so as well in
'mama-papa' systems (which are deictic but not shifters).
Both the pronouns and the child-language kin terms use
consonants phonosymbolically to structure deictic space; the
phonosymbolic principles are macroareal (<i>mama</i> and
<i>papa</i>, for instance, being distinctly western Eurasian
forms); but the actual pronouns and kin terms themselves are
not commonly borrowed. (p. 358)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">I wonder if you
have any other examples of iconic patterns areally spreading
throughout specific regions, other than pronominal nasality
and kinship terms. I would greatly appreciate your help, as
this is relevant for my thesis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">From Daejeon,
Korea,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">Ian Joo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ianjoo.academia.edu">http://ianjoo.academia.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-language:KO">References</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;color:#222222;background:white">Gordon,
Matthew J. "The phonological composition of personal
pronouns: implications for genetic hypotheses." <i>Annual
Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society</i>. Vol. 21.
No. 1. 1995.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;color:#222222;background:white"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;color:#222222;background:white">Nichols,
Johanna, and David A. Peterson. "The Amerind personal
pronouns." <i>Language</i> (1996): 336-371.</span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
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