<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear all,<br></div><div><br>Using the Global Gender Gap Index, <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-011-0083-5" target="_blank">Prewitt-Freilino, Caswell and Laakso 2011</a> found that countries with gendered pronouns have less gender equality. However, they only coded for one language per country, and obviously country != language. In couple of years ago Claire Moore-Cantwell
(I was a TA)
had students in a cogsci class respond to this paper, and divided up the task of identifying and coding GGGI data for the 5 most populous languages per country, then each student wrote a response based on the aggregated data. My recollection is that the effect went away, but then it was not a serious statistical analysis, either.<br><br></div><div>Responding to Ian's comments on Thai (which is often classed as a 'natural gender' pronoun system but has no grammatical gender), for non-binary gender use, <a href="http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210366.001.0001/acprof-9780190210366-chapter-10">Pavadee Saisuwan 2015</a> found that transgender
women in Thailand use feminine pronouns much more than cisgendered women, and for different reasons. But the sociolinguistics of cisgendered pronoun use is fuzzier than past
work has documented. Use of female 1SG 'chan' by cisgendered straight
men is utterly commonplace nowadays--just watch a prime time soap for
copious examples. It was never exclusively feminine, really. Lately I
also see the male 1SG 'phom' used on social media by young women among
their friends (perhaps jocular, and maybe not so widespread yet).<br><br></div><div>Hope that helps,<br></div><div>Rikker<br><br>--<br></div><div>Rikker Dockum<br></div><div>Ph.D. Candidate<br></div><div>Department of Linguistics<br></div><div>Yale University<br></div><div><br><br>On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 10:38 AM Joo Ian <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@outlook.com" target="_blank">ian.joo@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Dear Spike,<br>
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The only society I'm familiar with where the third gender is widely acknowledged is the Thai society, and Thai pronoun are quite binary.<br>
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Some pronouns are exclusively used for men (like "phom") and some exclusively for women ("rao" as the 1st pronoun). "Chan" is largely a female 1sg pronoun but I've seen some men use it in certain contexts (such as in pop songs). In sum, there are pronouns that
are more masculin and some are more feminine, and I would view the whole schema as largely binary.<br>
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>From Taipei,<br>
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Ian Joo<br>
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<a href="http://ianjoo.academia.edu" target="_blank">http://ianjoo.academia.edu</a></div>
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<div id="m_7588709861445711070m_7960170595878985432m_-4196540995947788500x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Spike Gildea <<a href="mailto:spike@uoregon.edu" target="_blank">spike@uoregon.edu</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 25, 2018 11:29:04 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Query re pronoun inventories</font>
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<div class="m_7588709861445711070m_7960170595878985432m_-4196540995947788500PlainText">I have been contacted by an undergraduate student who is claiming that gender binary pronouns (masculine, feminine, maybe a neuter) are driven by cultural perspectives that limit the option — i.e., if your culture only recognizs two genders,
that makes your pronouns binary, too. The question I asked is what about those cultures with three or four genders (as written up in National Geographic last year)? Do any of them have multiple genders in their personal pronouns, or are they just binary or
even non-gendered? Any information and/or references would be welcome!<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Spike<br>
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