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    <br>
    There is a substantial body of recent literature on grammatical
    gender in a 'weak relativity' context, see for instance<br>
    <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://arhiiv.rakenduslingvistika.ee/ajakirjad/index.php/aastaraamat/article/view/ERYa13.14">http://arhiiv.rakenduslingvistika.ee/ajakirjad/index.php/aastaraamat/article/view/ERYa13.14</a><br>
    <br>
    which also contains a survey of other recent empirical studies.<br>
    <br>
    Volker<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 26.02.2018 um 19:15 schrieb Frans
      Plank:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:E798B88A-66E1-44FF-9DE2-77FF58F3B795@ling-phil.ox.ac.uk"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
      Or also Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s ‘Einfluss der Sprache auf
      Weltanschauung und Stimmung’ (Prace Filologiczne 14. 185–256,
      1929).  Two parts, Part I general, Part II on gender.  In B de C’s
      considered opinion, gender and what it does to your mind is
      “einerseits ein segen, andererseits ein fluch”.  Probably more of
      the latter.  Mature readers, enjoy.
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Frans</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
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      <div class=""><span class="fn">    </span></div>
      <div class=""><span class="fn"><br class="">
        </span></div>
      <div class=""><span class="fn"><br class="">
        </span></div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
        <div class="">
          <div>
            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
              <div class="">On 26. Feb 2018, at 17:23, Jan Rijkhoff <<a
                  moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:linjr@cc.au.dk"
                  class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:linjr@cc.au.dk">linjr@cc.au.dk</a></a>> wrote:</div>
              <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
              <div class="">
                <div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
                  font-family: LucidaGrande; font-size: 14px;
                  font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
                  font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
                  text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
                  none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;
                  -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                    font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt;" class="" lang="EN-US">It
                      might be relevant in this context to mention
                      research by Lera Boroditsky (et al.) on the
                      influence of grammatical gender on cognition, for
                      example:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 9pt;
                    font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,
                      sans-serif;" class="" lang="EN-US">  <span
                        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,
                      sans-serif;" class="" lang="EN-US">Boroditsky, L.,
                      Schmidt, L., & Phillips, W. 2003. Sex, syntax
                      and semantics.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 9pt;
                    font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,
                      sans-serif;" class="" lang="EN-US">   In D.
                      Gentner & S. Goldin-Meadow (eds.),<span
                        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
                        class="">Language in mind: Advances in the study
                        of language and cognition</i>, 61- 80.
                      Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<o:p
                        class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 9pt;
                    font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,
                      sans-serif;" class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 9pt;
                    font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span
                      style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri,
                      sans-serif;" class="" lang="EN-US">Best, Jan R<o:p
                        class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                    font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                      class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                    font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                      class="" lang="EN-US"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                  <div style="border-style: solid none none;
                    border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(181,
                    196, 223); padding: 3pt 0cm 0cm;" class="">
                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b
                        class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">From:<span
                            class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span
                        style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Lingtyp <<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></a>>
                        on behalf of Volker Gast <<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:volker.gast@uni-jena.de"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:volker.gast@uni-jena.de">volker.gast@uni-jena.de</a></a>><br
                          class="">
                        <b class="">Date:<span
                            class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Monday,
                        26 February 2018 at 12.08<br class="">
                        <b class="">To:<span
                            class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>"<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline;" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></a>"
                        <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline;" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br
                          class="">
                        <b class="">Subject:<span
                            class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Re:
                        [Lingtyp] Query re pronoun inventories<o:p
                          class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="">
                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p
                        class=""> </o:p></div>
                  </div>
                  <p class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      name="_MailOriginalBody" class="">This is a nice
                      example of how important the question of
                      "operationalization" is (a term which is still
                      rarely used in linguistic typology). You cannot
                      measure attitudes such as 'sexism' or 'gender
                      equality', you can only measure symptoms of such
                      attitudes. In other words, you have to find an
                      operationalization of 'sexism'/'gender equality'
                      if you want to make quantitative
                      statements/determine correlations. I am not
                      familiar with the literature you refer to, but
                      'nationwide protests of women against societal
                      sexism' doesn't seem to be a very good
                      operationalization of 'gender equality' to me,
                      because it depends on many other factors (factors
                      other than individual or societal attitudes). For
                      example, in many societies nationwide protests are
                      generally not common or even forbidden, which
                      would make these societies sexist irrespective of
                      the actual attitudes held by the people.<o:p
                        class=""></o:p></a></p>
                  <p class=""><span class="">Jumping to a more general
                      level (and returning to a point I have made before
                      in a different context), the operationalizations
                      used in an empirical study are an important
                      quality criterion, pertaining to the question of
                      'validity'. If your operationalizations are not
                      well chosen, your results may be 'reliable' but
                      perhaps not 'valid'.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class=""><span class="">I believe that these
                      questions are not only relevant to social
                      variables but also to linguistic ones, as we
                      cannot observe linguistic systems, we can only
                      observe the ouput produced by speakers on the
                      basis of such systems (we can only observe
                      "symptoms" if you like).<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class=""><span class="">Best,<br class="">
                      Volker<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                    font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                      class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                  <div class="">
                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                        class="">On 26/02/18 10:19, Daniel Ross wrote:<o:p
                          class=""></o:p></span></div>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
                    5pt;" class="">
                    <div class="">
                      <div class="">
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                          12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                          sans-serif;"><span class="">I don't disagree.
                            However, I'm not judging it based on the
                            content of those linked articles at all, but
                            the historical movements they discuss:
                            nationwide protests of women against
                            societal sexism. If that isn't a significant
                            indication of sexism in a country, then I
                            don't know what would be (research aside). I
                            would be the first to admit that I know
                            little about sexism in Iceland, but what I
                            do know if that the women there are
                            protesting it. I was genuinely confused when
                            I read your message, and I would like to
                            know more.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
                      </div>
                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                        class=""><span class="">If that is the best
                          example we can come up with for a lack of
                          sexism, then I'm very uncertain as to how we
                          can pursue the question of what grammatical
                          features would correlate with sexism in
                          general.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="">
                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                        class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                      <div class="">
                        <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                          11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                          class=""><span class="">On Mon, Feb 26, 2018
                            at 1:15 AM, ENRIQUE BERNARDEZ SANCHIS <</span><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:ebernard@filol.ucm.es"
                            target="_blank" style="color: purple;
                            text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span
                              class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:ebernard@filol.ucm.es">ebernard@filol.ucm.es</a></span><span
                              class=""></span></a><span class="">>
                            wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                        <blockquote style="border-style: none none none
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                          padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt; margin-left: 4.8pt;
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                          <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                            font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                            sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">SIL.
                              Now I understand. Judging Icelandic
                              society and its history on yhe only basis
                              of two journal articles is not very
                              scientific. The bibliography on Icelandic
                              society and language is immense. <o:p
                                class=""></o:p></span></div>
                          <div class="">
                            <div class="">
                              <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                                sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br
                                    class="">
                                  <br class="">
                                  El lunes, 26 de febrero de 2018, Don
                                  Killian <</span><a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:donald.killian@helsinki.fi"
                                  target="_blank" style="color: purple;
                                  text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span
                                    class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:donald.killian@helsinki.fi">donald.killian@helsinki.fi</a></span><span
                                    class=""></span></a><span class="">>
                                  escribió:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                              <blockquote style="border-style: none none
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                                4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm;" class="">
                                <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                  font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                                  sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Some
                                    thoughts in response (somewhat
                                    distant from the original question
                                    I'm afraid):<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    On 26.2.2018 6:52, David Gil wrote:<o:p
                                      class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                <blockquote style="border-style: none
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                                  margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right:
                                  0cm;" class="">
                                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                    font-size: 11pt; font-family:
                                    Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                      class="">On 26/02/2018 04:51,
                                      Rikker Dockum wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                  <blockquote style="border-style: none
                                    none none solid; border-left-width:
                                    1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204,
                                    204, 204); padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;
                                    margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right:
                                    0cm;" class="">
                                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                      font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                                      class=""><span class="">Responding
                                        to Ian's comments on Thai (which
                                        is often classed as a 'natural
                                        gender' pronoun system but has
                                        no grammatical gender),<o:p
                                          class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                  </blockquote>
                                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                    font-size: 11pt; font-family:
                                    Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                      class="">Indeed, it would be very
                                      strange to think of Thai as being
                                      a "gendered" language in the same
                                      way as, say, French or Hebrew, in
                                      which the masculine/feminine
                                      distinction permeates the grammar.
                                      Rather, the limited distinction
                                      between what are perhaps more
                                      appropriately referred to as
                                      "male" and "female" forms in Thai
                                      would seem to be more akin to the
                                      various terms of address in a
                                      language such as Malay/Indonesian,
                                      which reflect distinctions in
                                      biological sex, as well as age,
                                      social status, race and other
                                      features — and nobody would say
                                      that Malay/Indonesian has gender,
                                      any more than it has, say, race.<o:p
                                        class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm
                                  0cm 12pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                  font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span
                                    class=""><br class="">
                                    This is actually something of a
                                    debated idea in studying grammatical
                                    gender, and isn't quite as simple as
                                    you might think.<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    I'll quote Francesca Di Garbo's
                                    thesis here, as it brings up some
                                    nice points on the subject:<br
                                      class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    "One – very often debated – problem
                                    in the literature on gender is how
                                    to account for those languages, such
                                    as English, in which the only
                                    evidence for gender distinctions
                                    appears on pronouns. In the
                                    literature on agreement, pronouns
                                    are often defined as
                                    non-prototypical<br class="">
                                    agreement targets insofar as they
                                    “violate the expectation that
                                    agreement targets should share a
                                    local domain with their antecedent,
                                    preferably the phrase” (Audring
                                    2009). However, in spite of their
                                    non-prototypical status, in the
                                    literature on (gender) agreement,
                                    pronouns are considered to be
                                    possible agreement targets (Audring
                                    2009; Corbett 1991, 2006, 2012,
                                    2013a). Within the indexation model
                                    introduced in §2.1.2.1, pronominal
                                    and np-internal indexes are also
                                    part of one and the same functional
                                    domain in the sense that they all
                                    function as strategies for
                                    signalling reference through the
                                    discourse (on the<br class="">
                                    functional continuum between
                                    np-internal and np-external indexing
                                    strategies, see also Barlow 1992;
                                    Corbett 2006; Croft 2013; Siewierska
                                    1999, 2004).<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Based on these assumptions...
                                    languages like English are
                                    considered to be gendered languages,
                                    despite their gender system being
                                    less pervasive in discourse than
                                    gender systems in languages with
                                    richer indexation are... gender
                                    systems of the English type are
                                    singled out through the use of the
                                    label pronominal gender systems.
                                    Pronominal gender systems are
                                    crosslinguistically very rare5
                                    (Audring 2009; Corbett 2013b), and,
                                    as shown in the typological survey
                                    carried out by Audring (2009), they
                                    tend to pattern with strictly
                                    semantic principles of gender
                                    assignment. Applying Dahl’s (2000a)
                                    dichotomy between lexical and
                                    referential gender, one could think
                                    of gender systems of the English
                                    type as being referential in nature.
                                    In languages with pronominal gender
                                    systems, gender indexation signals
                                    salient properties of the np
                                    referents, e.g. male vs. female vs.
                                    sexually undifferentiated entities,
                                    rather than aspects of the lexical
                                    semantics of nouns."<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
                                <blockquote style="border-style: none
                                  none none solid; border-left-width:
                                  1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204,
                                  204); padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;
                                  margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right:
                                  0cm;" class="">
                                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                    font-size: 11pt; font-family:
                                    Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                      class="">It's a bit like
                                      gender-resolution for mixed plural
                                      NPs.  If I remember my Corbett
                                      correctly (I'm currently miles
                                      away from his books), given a
                                      sentence such as "JOHN AND MARY
                                      CAME-AGR", there is no language
                                      with gender agreement in which
                                      there is a special gender for
                                      mixed male-and-female groups;
                                      usually, and sexistly, the
                                      resolution is to the masculine. (I
                                      vaguely half-remember some
                                      Daghestanian(?) language in which
                                      the resolution is to some 3rd or
                                      even 4th gender with other
                                      inanimate(?) meanings, but this
                                      still doesn't constitute a special
                                      gender for "male-plus-female").<o:p
                                        class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                  font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                                  sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><br
                                      class="">
                                    Actually, the language I worked on
                                    for my MA, Griqua/Korana, does
                                    actually do something like this.
                                    It's not 100% strictly for mixed
                                    male-and-female groups, but they
                                    have a "common" or "indeterminate"
                                    gender used to denote a mixed group,
                                    or indicate the uncertainty or
                                    ignorance of the speaker as regards
                                    the sex of the human being(s) in
                                    question. Sierwierska included
                                    Korana in her study of pronouns, so
                                    its gender system is known... see
                                    e.g.<span
                                      class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="http://wals.info/chapter/44"
                                    target="_blank" style="color:
                                    purple; text-decoration: underline;"
                                    class=""><span class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://wals.info/chapter/44">http://wals.info/chapter/44</a></span><span
                                      class=""></span></a><span class="">.<br
                                      class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Also, one additional rather
                                    interesting language to add to the
                                    discussion is Tainae, which has noun
                                    classes for all person forms, even
                                    1st/2nd.<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    According to Carlson (1991):<br
                                      class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    "Although all the examples and the
                                    charts listed up to this point have
                                    been restricted to masculine and
                                    feminine nouns, it is perfectly
                                    conceivable that personal pronouns
                                    could be derived from the other noun
                                    classes, though in practice this is
                                    rare, and generally restricted to
                                    address forms. An example might be
                                    in a situation where someone is
                                    doing some sort of work and a vine
                                    keeps getting in the way. The worker
                                    may get angry and say:<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Aɨtɨkɨ nonauti !<br class="">
                                    a -ɨtɨkɨ nonau-ti<br class="">
                                    ANA-2SG.FLEX cease-2SG.FUT.IMP<br
                                      class="">
                                    ad -pro v -vm: tns<br class="">
                                    You rope, cut it out!<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Note that in the above example,
                                    unlike the MASC and FEM 2SG
                                    pronouns, the anaphoric a appears.
                                    It may be that in the case of the
                                    MASC and FEM pronouns, because of
                                    frequent use, the a had dropped out.
                                    The remaining pronouns for the other
                                    noun classes could possibly be
                                    formed in a manner similar to the
                                    one in which those for masculine and
                                    feminine classes are formed, but I
                                    have no record of them in any text.
                                    I have also questioned a few people
                                    about their existence, and they
                                    don't seem to have any idea what I'm
                                    talking about. For reference, the
                                    2SG forms for classes<br class="">
                                    other than masculine and feminine
                                    are listed below. Note that in each
                                    of these cases the anaphoric marker
                                    a is present:<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Cls 2SG<br class="">
                                    ANI aikɨ<br class="">
                                    CYL aɨwakɨ<br class="">
                                    FLAT aɨnakɨ<br class="">
                                    LONG aaikɨ<br class="">
                                    FLEX aɨtɨkɨ<br class="">
                                    FLUID aɨpikɨ<br class="">
                                    TOOL aɨpakɨ<br class="">
                                    INDET aukɨ<br class="">
                                    RAIN aakɨ<br class="">
                                    "<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    So they're highly restricted in use,
                                    and potentially not even possible
                                    for some persons, but they
                                    nonetheless have dedicated forms for
                                    personal pronouns of all noun
                                    classes, even inanimate references.<br
                                      class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    References:<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Di Garbo, Francesca. 2014. Gender
                                    and its interaction with number and
                                    evaluative morphology: An intra- and
                                    intergeneralogical typological
                                    survey of Africa. Doctoral
                                    dissertation, University of
                                    Stockholm.<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Maingard, L. F. 1962. Korana
                                    folktales: grammar and texts.
                                    Johannesburg: Witwatersrand
                                    University Press.<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Carlson, Terry. 1991. Tainae Grammar
                                    Essentials. Ukarumpa, Papua New
                                    Guinea: Unpublished Typescript, The
                                    Summer Institute of Linguistics.<br
                                      class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Best,<br class="">
                                    <br class="">
                                    Don<br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
                                    Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
                                  </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
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                                      class=""></span></a><span class=""><o:p
                                      class=""></o:p></span></div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm
                                0cm 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family:
                                Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p
                                    class=""> </o:p></span></p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <div class="">
                            <div class="">
                              <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                                sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">--<span
                                    class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
                                    class=""></o:p></span></div>
                              <div class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                      font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                                      class=""><span class="">Enrique
                                        Bernárdez<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                    font-size: 11pt; font-family:
                                    Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                      class="">Catedrático de
                                      Lingüística General<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                        font-family: Calibri,
                                        sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                          class="">Departamento de
                                          Lingüística, Estudios Árabes,
                                          Hebreos y de Asia Oriental<o:p
                                            class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                        font-family: Calibri,
                                        sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                          class="">Facultad de Filología<o:p
                                            class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
                                        font-family: Calibri,
                                        sans-serif;" class=""><span
                                          class="">Universidad
                                          Complutense de Madrid<o:p
                                            class=""></o:p></span></div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
                                font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                                sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p
                                    class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm
                            12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                            sans-serif;"><span class=""><br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
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                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                      <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
                        class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
                    </div>
                    <div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
                        class=""><br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
                    <pre style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';" class=""><span class="">_______________________________________________<o:p class=""></o:p></span></pre>
                    <pre style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';" class=""><span class="">Lingtyp mailing list<o:p class=""></o:p></span></pre>
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                    font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
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                      <br class="">
                    </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
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