<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">The first issue of <i>Linguistic Typology</i> (1997: 1(1)) provides a definition which I still find sufficient and satisfying:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><i style="font-weight:bold">Linguistic Typology </i><i style="">publishes original research on the diversity of languages and on the patterns of variation within this universe. The essence of typology lies in structural traits--ranging from sound and grammar to lexicon and discourse--that could vary independently from language to language but actually do vary together, setting limits to cross-linguistic variation and defining the groundplans on which languages are constructed. The discovery and the explanation of such interdependencies and the informed discussion of results and methods in typology are the subject matter of this journal.</i></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><i style=""><br></i></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">This definition allows for both synchronic and diachronic explanations.. I would prefer to avoid theoretically (and often ideologically) loaded terms such as "evoutionary" and "phylogenetic" in this linguistic enterprise. I agree with Juergen that "comparative" is not equivalent to "typological." The quest, as laid out by the journal, is "explanation of interdependencies. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Dan</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Feb 27, 2018 at 10:38 PM, David Gil <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Martin mentions "evolutionary linguistics", and indeed, from a
descriptive point of view he is correct: people associated with the
MPI-SHH in Jena do use "evolutionary linguistics" to refer to just
about everything from whether Homo Erectus could speak to the
nitty-gritty of the Northern Cities Vowel Shift in American
English. But this usage seems to me to be problematical. Although
there may indeed be common "evolutionary" principles applicable to
both phylogeny and diachrony, there are also crucial differences,
not just in the sociology of the respective subdisciplines but also
with respect to their underlying principles. In particular, whereas
work in diachronic linguistics is typically guided by the
uniformitarianist principle, stating, roughly, that reconstructed
proto-languages should fall more or less within the range of
observable contemporary languages, work in phylogeny by its very
nature abandons uniformitarianism in order to ask how this range of
variation emerged out of earlier systems that were qualitatively
different and probably simpler than those of contemporary
languages. For this reason, we need distinct terms for these two
very different concerns, and since for most of us "evolution" is
indelibly associated with the former, phylogenetic enterprise,
"evolutionary linguistics" is not an appropriate term to replace
what has traditionally been referred to as "historical-comparative
linguistics".<br>
<br>
An independent reason why calling everything "evolutionary
linguistics" is problematical is that it leaves us without a term
for the type of linguistics that is represented in Evolang
conferences (i.e. Homo Erectus stuff but not Northern Cities Vowel
Shift), which, as suggested by the name of the conferences, is
traditionally referred to as the "evolution of language".<div><div class="h5"><br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-cite-prefix">On 28/02/2018 14:59, Martin Haspelmath
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
Yes, in the past (before Greenberg), "comparative linguistics" was
primarily used for historical-genealogical linguistics, but this
use seems to be long obsolete (as I note in my blogpost: <a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1022" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1022" target="_blank">https://dlc.hypotheses.org/<wbr>1022</a>).<br>
<br>
At MPI-SHH in Jena where I work now (perhaps currently the
best-funded place where people are engaged in
historical-genealogical studies), people use terms like
"evolutionary linguistics" or "phylogenetic linguistics".<br>
<br>
Incidentally, there is no difference between "comparative
linguistics" and "vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft" – the latter
was used for historical-genealogical linguistics, but is now
obsolete in this sense. Balthasar Bickel uses it in the broader
sense that I have suggested.<br>
<br>
But there is an English-German contrast in that nobody uses
"linguistische Typologie" – this sounds like a different meaning
is intended, namely "typology of linguistics"; and who knows,
maybe this is intended by the shift from "language typology" (=
typology of languages?) to "linguistic typology" (= typology in
linguistics?).<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-cite-prefix">On 28.02.18 03:51, Dan I. SLOBIN
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">And I've
lectured to confused non-linguists who wonder what all of
these strange phenomena have to do with "topology." All of
this back and forth shows that there's no rubric that a
complex set of questions can fit under. I share Martin's
misgivings--but do remember that we have a journal and an
association dedicated to "linguistic typology" --as much as
I wish there was an English equivalent of <i>vergleichende
Sprachwissenschaft.</i> </div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Indeed, in
the historical framework, typological and taxonomic studies
are precursors to more systematic science. That was, for
example, the contribution of Linnaeus. We're still at the
stage when we need good descriptive work, and we don't have
to be apologetic about that. Sometimes I see us as a
collection of Linnaeus's waiting for Darwin, not knowing
what Darwin will need. </div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Dan</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Feb 27, 2018 at 4:49 PM,
Hedvig Skirgård <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:hedvig.skirgard@gmail.com" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:hedvig.skirgard@gmail.com" target="_blank">hedvig.skirgard@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">Just as an illustration of non-linguists
(or even non-typologists) not understanding the short
term "typology". Recently at an event for our research
centre I did a short presentation of the field and there
were non-linguists in the audience who found it very
enlightening, because they had thought that "typology"
was the study of how people type language.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>/Hedvig</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
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<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9pt"><b><br>
</b></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font face="arial, helvetica,
sans-serif" size="2"><b>Med
vänliga hälsningar</b><b>,</b><br>
</font></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><b><font face="arial,
helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hedvig
Skirgård</font></b></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font face="arial, helvetica,
sans-serif" color="#666666" size="1"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hedvigskirgard/" target="_blank">Website</a><br>
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<div class="m_-6481957024165510501h5"> <br>
<div class="gmail_quote">2018-02-28 9:18 GMT+11:00
Siva Kalyan <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com" target="_blank">sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.co<wbr>m</a>></span>:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">I would point
out that in English, the term “comparative
linguistics” is typically used as a shorthand
for “historical-comparative linguistics”, i.e.
that part of historical linguistics that
concerns itself with genealogical relatedness
between languages, reconstruction etc., as
opposed to diachronic change within a single
language. (See e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>Comparative_linguistics</a>.)
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I see that in German (according to the
corresponding Wikipedia entry), the term <i>vergleichende
Sprachwissenschaft</i> has a broader
meaning which encompasses both historical
linguistics (<i>historisch-vergleichende S—</i>)
and typology (<i>allgemein-vergleichende S—</i>);
this makes sense of the name of the
department in Zurich (otherwise a bit
puzzling for an English-speaker).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thus the use of “comparative linguistics”
to refer to (only) linguistic typology would
seem to be in competition with existing
usage in both English and German. That said,
I can see the utility of having a cover term
that encompasses both historical linguistics
and typology, and would support using
“comparative linguistics” in the German
sense. I’m not sure if this is within the
scope of the current discussion, though.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Siva</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>
<div>On 28 Feb 2018, at 8:10 am,
Martin Haspelmath <<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-interchange-newline">
</span>
<div><span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important">Dear
all,</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important">What
is the name of our subfield (or
subcommunity):<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important"></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><br>
<br>
“language typology”?</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
“linguistic typology”?</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
or maybe simply “comparative
linguistics”?<br>
<br>
Linguists know that there is no
difference between the first two,
and they also understand the
shorter "typology", but this term
is opaque for nonlinguists, and
the duality of<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US">“language typology”</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"> and “linguistic
typology” is inconvenient, because
there is incomplete aggregation on
sites like Google Scholar and<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://academia.edu/" target="_blank">Academia.edu</a>.<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><br>
(It seems that on<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://academia.edu/" target="_blank">Academia.edu</a>,
6354 people are followers of
“language typology”, 8732 follow
“linguistic typology”, and 7090
follow “typology”, though
perhaps not all of the latter
mean typology in the linguistics
sense.)<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
</span></span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>Historically,
it seems clear that “language
typology” is the older term, and
has become current in the 1970s.<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US">Since the 1990s, it
got a competitor ("linguistic
typology"), for unclear reasons.<br>
<br>
(More on the history of these two
terms can be found in the
following blogpost:<span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1022" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dlc.hypothes" target="_blank">https://dlc.hypothes</a><wbr><a href="http://es.org/1022">es.org/1022</a>)<br>
<br>
So I'm wondering: Maybe we should
consider switching to an entirely
different, fully transparent term,
namely "comparative linguistics"?<br>
</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US">It seems that there
are quite a few well-established
fields with “comparative” in their
names: comparative economics,
comparative education, comparative
law, comparative literature,
comparative mythology, comparative
psychology, and “comparative
zoology” even has a famous museum
on the Harvard campus.</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<br>
</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US">(So far, at least one
department of comparative
linguistics in the relevant sense
exists: at the University of Zurich,<a class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.comparativelinguistics.uzh.ch/en.html" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.comparativel" target="_blank">http://www.comparativel</a><wbr><a href="http://inguistics.uzh.ch/en.html">inguistics.uzh.ch/en.html</a>).</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><span class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mj
m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mf"><span><span><br>
I feel that the term
“comparative linguistics”
for what used to be called
“language/linguistic
typology” has another big
advantage: The term fails
to signal association with
a particular subcommunity
– and this is good. After
all, many comparative
linguists work in a
generative framework, and
these do not usually
associate with the term
“typology”. However, much
of what they do is clearly
“typological” in the
usually understood sense,
so it is really odd to
exclude this community
terminologically.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mj
m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mf"><span><br>
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mj
m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mf"><span><span>In any
event, the question of the
name of our subfield of
linguistics seems not gto
have been discussed
explicitly. Maybe it would
not be a complete waste of
time to engage in some
discussion.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mj
m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mf"><span><br>
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mj
m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793_1mf"><span><span>Martin</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important"></span><span style="font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important"></span>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
</span>
<pre class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793moz-signature" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="m_-6481957024165510501m_7908905400028110295m_-6679970945402115793moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
IPF 141199
Nikolaistrasse 6-10
D-04109 Leipzig
</pre>
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important">______________________________<wbr>_________________</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);float:none;display:inline!important">Lingtyp
mailing list</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.o<wbr>rg/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.o<wbr>rg/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.o<wbr>rg/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div class="m_-6481957024165510501gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><wbr><><><><> </font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dan I. Slobin </font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Professor Emeritus of
Psychology and Linguistics</font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">University of California,
Berkeley</font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">email: <a href="mailto:slobin@berkeley.edu" target="_blank"></a><a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:slobin@berkeley.edu" target="_blank">slobin@berkeley.edu</a></font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">address: 2323 Rose St.,
Berkeley, CA 94708</font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://ihd.berkeley.edu/members.htm#slobin" target="_blank">http://ihd.berkeley.edu/<wbr>members.htm#slobin</a></font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><wbr><><><><> </font></span></i></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="m_-6481957024165510501mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre>______________________________<wbr>_________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a>
<a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
IPF 141199
Nikolaistrasse 6-10
D-04109 Leipzig
</pre>
<br>
<fieldset class="m_-6481957024165510501mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre>______________________________<wbr>_________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a>
<a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</div></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><pre class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="m_-6481957024165510501moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): <a href="tel:+49%203641%20686834" value="+493641686834" target="_blank">+49-3641686834</a>
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): <a href="tel:+62%20812-8116-2816" value="+6281281162816" target="_blank">+62-81281162816</a>
</pre>
</font></span></div>
<br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> </font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dan I. Slobin </font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Professor Emeritus of
Psychology and Linguistics</font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">University of California,
Berkeley</font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">email: <a href="mailto:slobin@berkeley.edu" target="_blank">slobin@berkeley.edu</a></font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">address: 2323 Rose St.,
Berkeley, CA 94708</font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://ihd.berkeley.edu/members.htm#slobin" target="_blank">http://ihd.berkeley.edu/members.htm#slobin</a></font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><i><span style="font-size:8pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> </font></span></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font></div>
</div>