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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear All,<br>
<br>
it's also worth looking at the corpus-based approaches to
referential null subjects. <br>
<br>
Enclosed is the result of a cross-corpus investigation into rates
of null subjects, based on spontaneous spoken language from seven
languages.<br>
Note that for the analysis, null subjects are only counted in
positions where an overt argument could theoretically have
occurred.<br>
<br>
The data are taken from the from the freely-accessible Multi-CAST
archive (the analysis attached is part of a users' guide-document
that we are currently compiling). The corpus is:<br>
Haig, Geoffrey & Schnell, Stefan (eds.)<i>. </i>2018[2015]. <i>Multi-CAST:
Multilingual Corpus of Annotated Spoken Texts</i>. (<a
href="https://lac.uni-koeln.de/en/multicast/" target="_blank">https://lac.uni-koeln.de/en/multicast/</a>)
(Accessed 2018-03-06.)<br>
<br>
The corpus data won't (at least immediately) yield much for the
fine-grained typology that Anders Holmberg and others have
proposed, but I share Matthew Dryer's reservations with regard to
the possibility of reliably extracting the necessary information
on them from descriptive grammars. This is a matter of natural
discourse, which is beyond the purview of many descriptive
grammars).<br>
<br>
What the atached corpus-based approach, even at this very coarse
and provisional level, already suggests is (a) languages vary
significantly in this respect (no big surprise), (b) they vary
internally; (c) they don't seem to fall into obviously
identifiable 'types'.<br>
<br>
<br>
Some other relevant literature:<br>
The most detailed studies I am aware of on this is the work on
Spanish, done from a variationist sociolinguistic perspective, cf.
the papers in:<br>
<br>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family:"Charis SIL
Compact"" lang="EN-US">Carvalho,
Ana M., Rafael Orozco, Naomi Lapidus Shin (eds.). 2015. <b>Subject
Pronoun
Expression in Spanish: A Cross-Dialectal Perspective</b>.
Georgetown:
Georgetown University Press.</span>
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<br>
While not typological in the narrow sense of the word, this work
is methodologically interesting and also addresses an issue that
we typologists tend to avoid, namely language-internal variation
across typological parameters.<br>
<br>
Finally, I can definitely recommend anyone interested in this
subject to take a careful look at Huang, Yan. 2000. Anaphora. A
cross-linguistic study. OUP, before embarking on typological work
on pro-drop.<br>
<br>
best<br>
Geoff<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 05.03.2018 um 18:00 schrieb Emily M. Bender:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAMype6dz=tHg0z=gprtktkwHy4g+wzBJrVvScXTC5By2CWFJAQ@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div dir="ltr">Dear Maïa, Dear all,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Possibly also relevant is Safiyyah Saleem's MA thesis:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<ul style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0px
12px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;list-style:none;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">
<li
style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent"><a
href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/safiyyah-saleem-59946117"
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;color:rgb(53,76,153);text-decoration:none"
moz-do-not-send="true">Safiyyah Saleem</a><span> </span>(<a
href="http://compling.uw.edu/"
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;color:rgb(53,76,153);text-decoration:none"
moz-do-not-send="true">CLMA</a>) 2010.<span> </span><em
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;color:rgb(53,76,153);text-decoration:none;border:0px;outline:0px"><a
href="http://www.delph-in.net/matrix/saleem-thesis.pdf"
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;color:rgb(53,76,153);text-decoration:none"
moz-do-not-send="true">Argument Optionality: A New
Library for the Grammar Matrix Customization System</a></em></li>
<li
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent"><font
face="Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#333333"><span style="font-size:16px"><a
href="http://www.delph-in.net/matrix/saleem-thesis.pdf"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.delph-in.net/matrix/saleem-thesis.pdf</a></span></font><br>
</li>
</ul>
This reports on a computational implementation of argument
optionality patterns as understood from the typological
literature.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Emily</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Mar 5, 2018 at 1:01 AM, Martin
Haspelmath <span dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> See the APiCS chapter
on the "expression of pronominal subjects" (<a
class="m_-2129047523222547635moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://apics-online.info/parameters/62.chapter.html"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://apics-online.info/<wbr>parameters/62.chapter.html</a>),
inspired by Matthew Dryer's corresponding WALS feature (<a
class="m_-2129047523222547635moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://wals.info/feature/101A" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://wals.info/feature/101A</a><wbr>).<br>
<br>
I would also recommend Anna Siewierska's works, especially
her 1999 paper (in Folia Linguistica) and her 2004 book
(Person).<br>
<br>
But I think it's important to recognize that the notion of
"pro-drop" is very confusing, and remains popular only
because many linguists don't know much more than English
and Spanish (and they feel that Spanish "drops" what would
be a personal pronoun in English). In fact, however, the
Spanish type is FAR more common in the world's languages
than the Swedish type (where subject personal pronouns are
obligatory, and there is no person-marking on the verb at
all), as can be seen in Matthew Dryer's WALS chapter. The
English/German type (with obligatory personal pronouns,
plus person-marking on the verb) is extremely rare (as
noted by Siewierska 1999).<br>
<br>
(Note also that "person-drop" would be a better term,
because not all pronouns can be "dropped", e.g.
interrogatives and demonstratives.)<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<div class="m_-2129047523222547635moz-cite-prefix">On
05.03.18 08:10, Maia Ponsonnet wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div id="m_-2129047523222547635divtagdefaultwrapper"
dir="ltr">
<p>Hello, </p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Related to Honors supervision, I am looking for
typological works on pro-drop. </p>
<p>Anything on pro-drop in creole languages will be
particularly relevant. </p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>With many thanks for your help, cheers, </p>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Maïa</span><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div id="m_-2129047523222547635Signature">
<div id="m_-2129047523222547635divtagdefaultwrapper"
dir="ltr">
<div
id="m_-2129047523222547635divtagdefaultwrapper"
dir="ltr">
<p><span
id="m_-2129047523222547635ms-rterangepaste-start"></span></p>
<p
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:16px">
<span style="font-size:small">Dr Maïa
Ponsonnet</span><br
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">Senior Lecturer
in Linguistics</span><br
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">ARC Discovery
Early Career Researcher Fellow</span></p>
<p
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:16px">
<span style="font-size:small"><br>
</span></p>
<p
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:16px">
<span style="font-size:small"></span><span
style="font-size:small">Social Sciences
Building, Room 2.47</span><br
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style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <font
face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif,
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<br>
<fieldset
class="m_-2129047523222547635mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre>______________________________<wbr>_________________
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<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"> </font></span></blockquote>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"> <br>
<pre class="m_-2129047523222547635moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="m_-2129047523222547635moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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&
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</pre>
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<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>
Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department
of Linguistics</span></div>
<div dir="ltr">Check out CLMS on facebook! <a
href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
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