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<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dear Ian,</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I have a pair for you in Korean. (If anyone had mentioned it already, please discard.)</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Compare (A) and (Z) below.
</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(A)
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:red">iss</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- ta
</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> exist- verb/sentential suffix</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-indent:0.5in; background-image:initial">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">‘to be present, to exist, to possess something’</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-indent:0.5in; background-image:initial">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(Z)
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:red">eps</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- ta
</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> be absent- Verb-ending</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> ‘to be absent, to be lack of something, not to possess </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> something’</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; background-image:initial"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
You can negate (A) syntactically by applying the negative morpheme <ani>, then you lose the expected polar interpretation, as you see the interpretive contrast like the following.</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
(1) Na-nun ton-i <span style="color:red">eps</span>-ta. [*Na-nun ton-I
<span style="color:red">an(i) iss</span>-ta]</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
I-TOP money-NOM absent-sentence ending</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
‘I have no money’</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
(2) Kamani <span style="color:red">an(i) iss</span>-ko, eti-lul tolatani-nunya?! </p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
[*kamani <span style="color:red">eps</span>-ko ---]</p>
<p style="text-indent:0.5in; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
still <span style="color:red">not </span> <span style="color:red">stay</span>-and where-ACC wonder- Q</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
‘Where have you been, instead of <span style="color:red">staying here
</span>as I told you?!’</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Language like Japanese has the pair equivalent to the Korean contrast.</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
(3) ar-u ----- to be present, to possess, (something) to exist</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
na-i ----- not to be present, to be lack of</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
The pair displays similarities to the Korean counterpart, except that Japanese <nai> itself is the negative morpheme and it might well be a derivative of <ar-a-nai>, which may not be what you are looking for. In fact, the archaic <ar-a-nu> or <ar-a-n> can be
seen pervasively in older Japanese.</p>
<p style="text-indent:0.5in; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Hope this helps.</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Alan</p>
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<a href="https://siu.academia.edu/alanhokim" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPNoLP">https://siu.academia.edu/alanhokim</a></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Harold Koch <Harold.Koch@anu.edu.au><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, June 1, 2018 9:55 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nigel Vincent; Tianqiao Lu; Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list<br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?</font>
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<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">I believe the English word "let" qualifies.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">The legal expression "without let or hindrance" the word "let" continues an old meaning which is the opposite of "let" 'allow'.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Harold<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
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<p>Dr Harold Koch</p>
<p>School of <span>Literature</span> Languages and Linguistics</p>
<p>Australian National University</p>
<p>harold.koch@anu.edu.au</p>
<p>+61 2 6125 3203<br>
</p>
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<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Nigel Vincent <nigel.vincent@manchester.ac.uk><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, 1 June 2018 10:06 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Tianqiao Lu; Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list<br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?</font>
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<div>A different kind of English example is the verb 'sanction' which can mean both 'permit' and 'forbid'.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And someone referred to Lepschy on enantiosemy - the full reference and some additional discussion can be found here:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linguistlist.org_issues_6_6-2D234.html&d=DwMFbw&c=jrLYy3FV6j9HoN3FfGW-SLJoSRpiMyAzztY4B1tagEk&r=LeUd4dshHnTaRwWWBvkIjQ&m=fl8lZAOgcG08YfmyiUyEb88lVYkVpHzuaOF0ZbcKXf4&s=sQjpqfbNOU7WkoaePEJWS1i4S7dpbKKZHOzJUZIoej0&e=" target="_blank" id="LPlnk120724" class="x_OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
https://linguistlist.org/issues/6/6-234.html</a></div>
<div><br>
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<div>Nigel</div>
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<div style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester</div>
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<div>Linguistics & English Language<br>
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<br>
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<div><span class="x_x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>The University of Manchester</div>
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https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html</div>
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<div id="x_x_divRpF859083" style="direction:ltr"><font size="2" face="Tahoma" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp [lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] on behalf of Tianqiao Lu [lutianqiao@maonan.org]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, June 01, 2018 12:14 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list<br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?<br>
</font><br>
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<div></div>
<div>Hi, Robert.<br>
<br>
Good example. Another example in English: <span style="font-style:italic">Infamous</span>.<br>
<div>
<div> </div>
<div>Tianqiao Lu<br>
<br>
</div>
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<div style="font-size:12px; font-family:Arial Narrow; padding:2px 0 2px 0">------------------ Original ------------------</div>
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<div id="x_x_menu_sender"><b>From: </b> "Robert Cloutier"<kankoku@hotmail.com>;</div>
<div><b>Date: </b> Fri, Jun 1, 2018 06:49 PM</div>
<div><b>To: </b> "Tianqiao Lu"<lutianqiao@maonan.org>; "Giorgio Francesco Arcodia"<giorgio.arcodia@unimib.it>; "mattis.list"<mattis.list@lingpy.org>;
<wbr></div>
<div><b>Cc: </b> "lingtyp"<lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org>; <wbr></div>
<div><b>Subject: </b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?</div>
</div>
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<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Hello Ian,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">You may be able to find some examples by looking up
<i>contronym</i>, <i>auto-antonym</i>, or <i>autantonym</i>; most instances have opposite meanings, though not necessarily the clear-cut 'X' versus 'not X' you are looking for.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">One example in English that is the result of misanalysis is the word
<i>inflammable</i>, which can mean both 'flammable' and 'not flammable'<i>. </i>The former is the original meaning, and the latter is a result of speakers interpreting the
<i>in-</i> prefix as negation. Because of this confusion, though, <i>inflammable</i> seems to be less commonly used with the meaning 'flammable'.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Best regards,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Robert Cloutier</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Univeristy of Amsterdam</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Netherlands</p>
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<div id="x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Tianqiao Lu <lutianqiao@maonan.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, June 1, 2018 4:57:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list<br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>Hi Ian.<br>
<br>
The following sentences in Mandarin Chinese might imply some bipolar polysemy: <br>
(1) Wǒ chàdiǎner méi diào xiàqu<br>
1sg almost not-yet fall down<br>
can either mean:<br>
"I almost fell down" (i.e. I did not fall down)<br>
or<br>
"I almost didn't fall down" (i.e. I did fall down)<br>
(2) Wǒ chàdiǎner méi gàosu tā.<br>
1sg almost not-yet tell 3sg.<br>
can either mean:<br>
"I almost told him/her" (i.e. I haven't told him/her)<br>
or<br>
"I almost haven't told him/her" (i.e. I did tell him/her)<br>
Hopefully this might help.<br>
<br>
Tianqiao Lu <br>
School of Linguistic Sciences<br>
Jiangsu Normal University<br>
China<br>
<br>
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<div id="x_x_x_menu_sender"><b>From: </b> "Giorgio Francesco Arcodia"<giorgio.arcodia@unimib.it>;</div>
<div><b>Date: </b> Thu, May 31, 2018 07:06 PM</div>
<div><b>To: </b> "mattis.list"<mattis.list@lingpy.org>; <wbr></div>
<div><b>Cc: </b> "lingtyp"<lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org>; <wbr></div>
<div><b>Subject: </b> Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?</div>
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<div>I don't know if that counts, but: in Italian, <i>ospite</i> means both 'host' and 'guest'. In a given situation, you can't be both, so, (I guess) in a sense this word can be the negation of itself.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Apologies, semantics is not my <i>forte.</i></div>
<div><i><br>
</i></div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Giorgio</div>
<div>馬振國<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="x_x_x_gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="x_x_x_gmail_quote">2018-05-31 13:03 GMT+02:00 Mattis List <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:mattis.list@lingpy.org" target="_blank" id="LPlnk697579" class="x_OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">mattis.list@lingpy.org</a>></span>:<br>
<blockquote class="x_x_x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
Wouldn't the frequent cases of pronouns or pronoun-like words in French<br>
(personne = "person, nobody", pas = "step, not", etc.) come close to<br>
this notion? And this process has historically also be claimed for other<br>
negation words, like Ancient Greek "ou", if I am not mistaken.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
Mattis<br>
<span class=""><br>
On 2018-05-31 12:57, Joo Ian wrote:<br>
> Dear all,<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> I would like to know if the following universal claim holds:<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
</span>> /There exists no lexeme that can mean X and the negation of X. (For<br>
> example, no lexeme can express “to go” and “to not go”)./<br>
<span class="">> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> I wonder if such “bipolar polysemy” exists in any lexeme, because I<br>
> cannot think of any, and whether this claim is truly universal.<br>
> <br>
> I would appreciate to know if there is any counter-evidence.<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> From Hong Kong,<br>
> <br>
> Ian Joo<br>
> <br>
> <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ianjoo.academia.edu&d=DwMFbw&c=jrLYy3FV6j9HoN3FfGW-SLJoSRpiMyAzztY4B1tagEk&r=LeUd4dshHnTaRwWWBvkIjQ&m=fl8lZAOgcG08YfmyiUyEb88lVYkVpHzuaOF0ZbcKXf4&s=uCAJWaXUAvIWn8rWzd0U9B-wskjocipVx3mVjWGvA3A&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" id="LPlnk663034" class="x_OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
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> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
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<div dir="ltr">Prof. Dr. Giorgio Francesco Arcodia</div>
<div dir="ltr">馬振國博士 副教授<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca</div>
<div dir="ltr">米蘭比克卡大學</div>
<div dir="ltr">Dipartimento di Scienze Umane per la Formazione</div>
<div dir="ltr">教育學系<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Edificio U6 - stanza 4101</div>
<div dir="ltr">六號樓 4101室<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1<br>
20126 Milano 意大利 <span>米蘭</span><br>
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Tel.: <span>(+39) 02 6448 4946</span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"><span><img width="0" height="0" style="user-select: none;"><span>(+39) 02 6448 4946</span><span></span></span></span></span><br>
Fax: (+39) 02 6448 4863<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:giorgio.arcodia@unimib.it" target="_blank" id="LPlnk566876" class="x_OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
giorgio.arcodia@unimib.it</a><br>
Website: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bilgroup.it_it_info_giorgio-2Dfrancesco-2Darcodia_&d=DwMFbw&c=jrLYy3FV6j9HoN3FfGW-SLJoSRpiMyAzztY4B1tagEk&r=LeUd4dshHnTaRwWWBvkIjQ&m=fl8lZAOgcG08YfmyiUyEb88lVYkVpHzuaOF0ZbcKXf4&s=MhBoPBS7YIzRGpieFrjsAD1Q3BnLQsNeCBcSOs_c40M&e=" target="_blank" id="LPlnk56593" class="x_OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
http://www.bilgroup.it/it/info/giorgio-francesco-arcodia/</a><br>
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