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--></style></head><body bgcolor=white lang=JA link=blue vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Dear Ian,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(i) In the Warrongo running texts of 6 hours 40 minutes, I have found only two sets of examples involving the imperative. So, this phenomenon seems to be not common in Warrongo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(ii) Warrongo has two suffixes for the imperative:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>-Ø </span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(zero), mainly used for transitive verbs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>-yal</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>, mainly used for intransitive verbs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>There are a few verbs that may take either suffix.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(iii) A Japanese equivalent may be something like the following.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Watashi=ga ik-e.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>I=NOM go-IMP<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>I do not remember hearing such a sentence, but I think it can be used, and that it can mean ‘Do you mean to say that I should go?’ This is similar to the (b) reading below.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN","serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>Joo Ian <ian.joo@outlook.com><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>2018</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>6</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>17</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日日曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'> 16:34<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com>, "lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>RE: [Lingtyp] Typological works on echoes</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Dear Tasaku,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>That is a very interesting piece of information, thank you for sharing it with us. Is it a recurrent pattern in Warrongo (for the hearer to repeat the imperative)? Also, how is the imperative expressed, with a suffix? Would the Japanese equivalent be “watashi ik-e”?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>From Hong Kong,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Ian Joo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>http://ianjoo.academia.edu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From: </span></b><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:tasakutsunoda@nifty.com">TasakuTsunoda</a><br><b>Sent: </b>Sunday, June 17, 2018 2:59 PM<br><b>To: </b><a href="mailto:ian.joo@outlook.com">Joo Ian</a>; <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Typological works on echoes<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Dear Ian,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> This may not be what you are looking for, but I have found two sets of interesting examples in the running texts of Warrongo (northeast Australia). Roughly speaking, the examples can be shown as follows.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Speaker A: You(SG) go-IMPERATIVE.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Speaker B: I go-IMPERATIVE.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> In Speaker B’s sentence, the subject is now ‘I’, not ‘you(SG). The verb remains in the imperative form. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> Speaker B’s sentence does not seem to mean ‘Let’s go!’. It seems to mean either (a) or (b).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(a) ‘[OK,] I will go.’</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(b) ‘Do you mean to say that I should go?’</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Please see the following:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2011. <i>A grammar of Warrongo</i> (Mouton Grammar Library 53). Berlin and New York: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>P282, (3-266).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>P330, (4-30).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Best wishes,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> (Joo Ian <ian.joo@outlook.com> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>の代理</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>)<br></span><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>2018</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>6</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>16</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日土曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> 2:41<br></span><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>[Lingtyp] Typological works on echoes</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Dear all,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>I would like to know if there are any typological works on echoes, where the speaker repeats what they have just heard, such as (1-3).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>(1) A: I'm from Germany.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>B: Oh, from Germany.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>(2) A: It's really a nice day.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>B: Yeah, a nice day.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>(3) A: Go to the supermarket.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>B: To the supermarket, okay.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>I would greatly appreciate any reading suggestions.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>From Hong Kong,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Ian Joo</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><a href="http://ianjoo.academia.edu">http://ianjoo.academia.edu</a></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>_______________________________________________ Lingtyp mailing list Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>