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<p>There's a well-known connection between echo questions and
wh-elements remaining in situ:</p>
<p>(1) "You're going WHERE?"</p>
<p>One potentially interesting parameter of variation is the extent
to which this works across clause boundaries. I heard the
following conversation in a movie ('In Bruges'):</p>
<p>(2) Ray: "Do you think this is good?"<br>
(3) Ken: "Do I think WHAT is good?"</p>
<p>meaning</p>
<p>"What x are you enquiring about such that I think that x is
good?"</p>
<p>If you extract the wh-pronoun you get</p>
<p>(4) "WHAT do I think is good?"</p>
I wonder if (4) is possible, and if so, if it has the same (echoing)
function as (3).<br>
<p>What is interesting here is the fact that the in situ wh-pronoun
in (3) takes scope over the embedding predicate. This is not
possible in German, as far as I can tell. I wonder if that might
be related to the well-known typological differences concerning
long-distance dependencies discussed by J. Hawkins (1986) (and in
subsequent work).<br>
</p>
<p>Volker<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 17.06.2018 um 08:58 schrieb
TasakuTsunoda:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Dear Ian,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"> This may not be what you are looking for,
but I have found two sets of interesting examples in the
running texts of Warrongo (northeast Australia). Roughly
speaking, the examples can be shown as follows.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Speaker A: You(SG) go-IMPERATIVE.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Speaker B: I go-IMPERATIVE.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"> In Speaker B’s sentence, the subject is now
‘I’, not ‘you(SG). The verb remains in the imperative form.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"> Speaker B’s sentence does not seem to mean
‘Let’s go!’. It seems to mean either (a) or (b).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">(a) ‘[OK,] I will go.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">(b) ‘Do you mean to say that I should go?’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Please see the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2011. <i>A grammar of
Warrongo</i> (Mouton Grammar Library 53). Berlin and New
York: De Gruyter Mouton.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">P282, (3-266).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">P330, (4-30).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Tasaku Tsunoda<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr
oSVbN","serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"MS
Mincho";color:black">送信元</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">: </span></b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">Lingtyp
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> (Joo Ian
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ian.joo@outlook.com"><ian.joo@outlook.com></a> </span><span
style="font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black">の代理</span><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">)<br>
</span><b><span style="font-family:"MS
Mincho";color:black">日付</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">: </span></b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">2018</span><span
style="font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black">年</span><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">6</span><span
style="font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black">月</span><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">16</span><span
style="font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black">日土曜日</span><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US"> 2:41<br>
</span><b><span style="font-family:"MS
Mincho";color:black">宛先</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">: </span></b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US"><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
</span><b><span style="font-family:"MS
Mincho";color:black">件名</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">: </span></b><span
style="font-family:Calibri;color:black" lang="EN-US">[Lingtyp]
Typological works on echoes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">I would like to know if there are any
typological works on echoes, where the speaker repeats
what they have just heard, such as (1-3).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">(1) A: I'm from Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">B: Oh, from Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">(2) A: It's really a nice day.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">B: Yeah, a nice day.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">(3) A: Go to the supermarket.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">B: To the supermarket, okay.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">I would greatly appreciate any reading
suggestions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">From Hong Kong,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US">Ian Joo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><a href="http://ianjoo.academia.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://ianjoo.academia.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Prof. Volker Gast
English and American Studies
Ernst-Abbe-PLatz 8
D-07743 Jena
Fon: ++49 3641 9-44546
Fax: ++49 3641 9-44542</pre>
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