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Dear all,<br>
<br>
A side comment on terminology: The term "syncretism" is not only
opaque, ugly and ambiguous (it originally referred to merging of
case distinctions in Indo-European, which was likened to religious
syncretism, in a strange metaphor; it can still have this purely
diachronic meaning referring to Indo-European cases) – it is also
impractical because it does not have a good corresponding verb (cf.
??"Malay <i>dari</i> syncretizes source and agent"). <br>
<br>
Moreover, it is typically associated with inflection (cf. the Surrey
definition: "
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<span>The term 'syncretism' refers to the phenomenon whereby a
single form fulfils two or more different functions within the
inflectional morphology of a language"</span>:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/syncretism/">http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/syncretism/</a>).<br>
<br>
(And syncretism seems to have been construed as a relation between
forms: cf. the original title of this thread "syncretism between
forms encoding source and agent" – a very cumbersome formulation.)<br>
<br>
I would like to propose replacing the term "syncretism" by
"coexpression" when it is not used in a context of inflectional
morphology (and maybe also in that context). The term "coexpression"
is transparent and clear – and it can be used for all kinds of
situations where one form corresponds to two meanings or functions.<br>
<br>
It has the transparent corresponding verb "coexpress": "Malay <i>dari</i>
coexpresses source and agent".<br>
<br>
This term was first used in our 2014 paper on semantic role
coexpression patterns (Hartmann et al. 2014), and was taken up in
David Gil's recent paper on DO/GIVE coexpression. It was inspired by
Alex François's (2008) term "colexification" (also used in
Johann-Mattis List's new CLLD database on colexifications:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://clics.clld.org/">http://clics.clld.org/</a>). <br>
<br>
A colexification pattern is just a special kind of coexpression
pattern – and one might also want to coin the term "coexponence" for
inflectional morphology, for a situation where a single vocabulary
item coexpones two feature values; i.e. for what has been known as
"inflectional syncretism".<br>
<br>
Finally, a semantic map could be called a "coexpression map",
allowing us to be neutral between different interpretations (cf.
different terms such as "conceptual map", "cognitive map",
"implicational map", which will confuse many students).<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
***************************<br>
<br>
References<br>
<br>
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<div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left:
2em; text-indent:-2em;">
<div class="csl-entry">François, Alexandre. 2008. Semantic maps
and the typology of colexification: Intertwining polysemous
networks across languages. In Martine Vanhove (ed.), <i>From
polysemy to semantic change: Towards a typology of lexical
semantic associations</i> (Studies in Language Companion
Series 106), 163–216. Amsterdam: Benjamins. </div>
<span class="Z3988"
title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Semantic%20maps%20and%20the%20typology%20of%20colexification%3A%20Intertwining%20polysemous%20networks%20across%20languages&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.publisher=Benjamins&rft.series=Studies%20in%20Language%20Companion%20Series&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Alexandre%20Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Martine%20Vanhove&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=163%E2%80%93216"></span></div>
<br>
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charset=ISO-8859-1">
<div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35; margin-left:
2em; text-indent:-2em;">
<div class="csl-entry">Hartmann, Iren, Martin Haspelmath &
Michael Cysouw. 2014. Identifying semantic role clusters and
alignment types via microrole coexpression tendencies. <i>Studies
in Language</i> 38(3). 463–484.</div>
<span class="Z3988"
title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identifying%20semantic%20role%20clusters%20and%20alignment%20types%20via%20microrole%20coexpression%20tendencies&rft.jtitle=Studies%20in%20Language&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.aufirst=Iren&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.au=Iren%20Hartmann&rft.au=Martin%20Haspelmath&rft.au=Michael%20Cysouw&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=463-484&rft.spage=463&rft.epage=484"></span></div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 21.07.18 11:47, David Gil wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:e3711933-84a8-3b00-40fc-8c112fc4087d@shh.mpg.de"
type="cite">
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<p>In Malay/Indonesian, the ablative "from" is expressed with <i>dari</i>.
And in some but not all varieties of Malay/Indonesian, <i>dari</i>
is also used to mark agents, typically, though not exclusively,
in "passive" or "passive-like" constructions. <br>
<br>
More specifically, the use of <i>dari</i> to mark agents is
characteristic of Eastern contact varieties of Malay; I have
heard it in, among other places, Papua, Halmahera, Ambon, Maluku
Tenggara and Timor. And it is also attested in the Kirinda
subdialect of Sri Lankan Malay.<br>
<br>
(It should be noted that in many such cases, <i>dari</i> is but
one of two or more alternative strategies for flagging agent
phrases.)</p>
<p>David<br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 21/07/2018 01:06, Ponrawee
Prasertsom wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CABD22v_G6ZhvwfUVaMfeDTARMYvMexfvWN8npNS6WEbutbmNHg@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="auto">
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">Dear all,</span>
<div style="font-family:sans-serif" dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">I am
exploring research possibilities on the language of motion
events.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:sans-serif" dir="auto">Does anyone
know of a language that employs the same form (in any
strategy--case, preposition, syntactic roles etc.) that
for coding source (the starting point in a motion event,
as in: I walked *from* my house to school) and agent? </div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Related
references would also be highly appreciated.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Sincerely,</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Ponrawee
Prasertsom</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Graduate
Student</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Department of
Linguistics</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Chulalongkorn
University</div>
<div dir="auto" style="font-family:sans-serif">Bangkok,
Thailand</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
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</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
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</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
IPF 141199
Nikolaistrasse 6-10
D-04109 Leipzig
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