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<p>Daniel and others,<br>
<br>
In a 1996 article (reference below) I point out that the term
"collective" is used with a bewildering array of meanings. While
the article deals exclusively with collectivity as marked on
nominal expressions, the same point is clearly relevant for the
cases of "verbal collectivity" being discussed in this thread. In
particular, I would beg to differ with Daniel Ross' claim that "In
English, the (derivational) prefix 'co-' seems to have exactly
this function".<br>
<br>
Consider the following four examples:<br>
<br>
(1) Mary and John are cowriting this article<br>
(2) These two noun-phrases corefer to each other<br>
(3) These two species coexist in this region<br>
(4) Mary and John costarred in the new movie<br>
<br>
Each of these four sentences differs logically from the others in
ways that have to do with collectivity, as evidenced by the
following potential inferences:<br>
<br>
(1') Mary is writing this article<br>
(2') This noun-phrase refers<br>
(3') This species exists in this region<br>
(4') Mary starred in the new movie <br>
<br>
(1) > (1') is not a valid inference.<br>
(2) > (2') is a valid inference, but is weird (in ways that I
don't have time to go into).<br>
(3) > (3') is a valid inference.<br>
(4) > (4') is a valid inference.<br>
<br>
The most common understanding of the term "collective" is that it
blocks inferences from a plural set to its individual members.
Thus, under this understanding, "co-" is marking collectivity in
(1), perhaps also in (2), but certainly not in (3) and (4). Now
it may be the case that all of the above usages of "co-" share a
common semantic core, but simply applying the label "collective"
to such a putative common meaning doesn't help much in trying to
figure out its nature.<br>
<br>
And to return briefly to the "coexpression" thread: given the
diversity of meanings of the "co-" prefix (which is hardly
exhausted by the above four examples — and this is even before we
take into consideration its opaque uses in "collect", "collate",
etc.), I don't see any problem with using it in the word
"coexpression" in the sense intended by Martin and others.<br>
<br>
David<br>
<br>
</p>
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<p class="ReferencesT" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan
lines-together"><span lang="EN-US">Gil, David (1996) "Maltese
'Collective Nouns':<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A
Typological Perspective", <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Rivista
di Linguistica </i>8:53-87<i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">.</i></span></p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
<br>
On 24/07/2018 23:59, Daniel Ross wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAAm4d-7Sz5sBGH4hXoQMfRnvSCVydm=XWF=nk-a6uew3iQphNQ@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>In English, the (derivational) prefix "co-" seems to have
exactly this function, as I pointed out in the previous
discussion on this list regarding why I found the proposed
term "coexpress(ion)" to be odd because it refers to
alternatives rather than collective action. I'm not sure where
this has been written about (but probably someone has, maybe
for Latin?), and it is derivational, perhaps not fully
productive, but it does seem to be able to form new verbs, so
it seems to fit here.</div>
<div>(It is interesting to note that at least in more
established verbs like "cowrite", they do not strictly require
a plural subject-- "I cowrote an article", as long as the
context allows for a reasonable interpretation. If you're
looking at the typology cross-linguistically that might be an
interesting point of variation to consider.)<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Daniel<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jul 24, 2018 at 8:11 AM,
"Ekkehard König" <span dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">koenig@zedat.fu-berlin.de</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi Randy,<br>
<br>
rich information on the reciprocal - sociative/collective
polysemy can be<br>
found in all of the Nedjalkov volumes. A condensed overview
is given in<br>
Chapter 5 of the first volume. (I did a review of the 5
volumes for<br>
Language, 2011).<br>
<br>
<br>
Best wishes,<br>
<br>
Ekkehard<br>
<div>
<div class="h5"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
> Randy,<br>
> There is a similar category in Wandala (Frajzyngier
2012),<br>
> All best,<br>
> Zygmunt<br>
><br>
> From: Lingtyp <<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.<wbr>linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of<br>
> "Randy J. LaPolla" <<a
href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com"
moz-do-not-send="true">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>><br>
> Date: Tuesday, July 24, 2018 at 1:33 AM<br>
> To: "<a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
moz-do-not-send="true">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.<wbr>LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>"<br>
> <<a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
moz-do-not-send="true">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.<wbr>LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>><br>
> Cc: weifeng liu <<a
href="mailto:175204935@qq.com" moz-do-not-send="true">175204935@qq.com</a>><br>
> Subject: [Lingtyp] collective action marking<br>
><br>
> Hi All,<br>
> A student in China (Liu Weifeng) working on Kyrgyz
asked me for references<br>
> about collective marking on the verb. This marking
in Kyrgyz (-ish-) is<br>
> distinct from plural marking, and used together
with plural marking, and<br>
> implies the action was done by two or more people
together rather than<br>
> individually.<br>
><br>
> I am aware of the following article, though do not
have access to it, and<br>
> don’t even know know for sure whether it documents
this phenomenon:<br>
><br>
> Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 2007. Reciprocals,
assistives and plural in<br>
> Kirghiz. In Nedjalkov, Vladimir (with the
assistance of Emma Geniusiene<br>
> and Zlatka Guentcheva) (eds.), Typology of
reciprocal constructions,<br>
> 1231-1280. Amsterdam: Benjamins.<br>
><br>
> I don't know of any other works on this type of
category in any language.<br>
> Has this been looked into in any languages?<br>
><br>
> Thanks!<br>
><br>
> Randy<br>
> -----<br>
> Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA （羅仁地）<br>
> Professor of Linguistics and Chinese, School of
Humanities<br>
> Nanyang Technological University<br>
> HSS-03-45, 14 Nanyang Drive | Singapore 637332<br>
</div>
</div>
> <a href="http://randylapolla.net/" rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://randylapolla.net/</a><<a
href="http://secure-web.cisco.com/1r49xGHjDHpvduhLxc8xcFdeDWaQRDmx6JT631_HJ88j0WzNbUSSBJKa_anFZBkB1cSFVPmw9ikThvWoEF7RIEZwRrF41ZmOg8Q1r5KEyCUxZC5wuC28aG_DlUMVjf4vKly6Ga5U846AFU_8ciIgNuIsCxBZP90e2AXadGa_EaJF3qeI0PsXURTP7UIoNYFZSnz_SDDdFEuzk165x1qlfrXFPZWqpG2ZvIir6ai7vfmDn9hv5v1Fqfoz2YKBK325exE--qzqARuhIetwE_l8o-x0t3UnQiilemsqt4EqZfAOQo_BRlSyjjeIKhlCgtch0P5B9ppouqgFfeYSKqDwzhmlzNUAom_lTGiK5TO2YlOC2K2nbRFX-7nK89BmKSZm_brUS2-KjnVVKJrnPK9sM1XE5PPbNO8ggB4SPl9zw7DdqEaqZ_qgihNd8wV-Nb4yfRy2XIMtSrFC_G9CbVWKe-Q/http%3A%2F%2Frandylapolla.net%2F"
rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http:<wbr>//secure-web.cisco.com/<wbr>1r49xGHjDHpvduhLxc8xcFdeDWaQRD<wbr>mx6JT631_HJ88j0WzNbUSSBJKa_<wbr>anFZBkB1cSFVPmw9ikThvWoEF7RIEZ<wbr>wRrF41ZmOg8Q1r5KEyCUxZC5wuC28a<wbr>G_DlUMVjf4vKly6Ga5U846AFU_<wbr>8ciIgNuIsCxBZP90e2AXadGa_<wbr>EaJF3qeI0PsXURTP7UIoNYFZSnz_<wbr>SDDdFEuzk165x1qlfrXFPZWqpG2ZvI<wbr>ir6ai7vfmDn9hv5v1Fqfoz2YKBK325<wbr>exE--qzqARuhIetwE_l8o-<wbr>x0t3UnQiilemsqt4EqZfAOQo_<wbr>BRlSyjjeIKhlCgtch0P5B9ppouqgFf<wbr>eYSKqDwzhmlzNUAom_<wbr>lTGiK5TO2YlOC2K2nbRFX-<wbr>7nK89BmKSZm_brUS2-<wbr>KjnVVKJrnPK9sM1XE5PPbNO8ggB4SP<wbr>l9zw7DdqEaqZ_qgihNd8wV-<wbr>Nb4yfRy2XIMtSrFC_G9CbVWKe-Q/<wbr>http%3A%2F%2Frandylapolla.net%<wbr>2F</a>><br>
<span class="im HOEnZb">> Most recent book:<br>
> <a
href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324"
rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.routledge.com/The-<wbr>Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-<wbr>Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/<wbr>book/9781138783324</a><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
</span>
<div class="HOEnZb">
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
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