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<p>As always, I am strongly supportive of Martin's attempts to
impose order on the Augean Stables of current linguistic
terminology. However, I suspect that his latest proposal (below)
doesn't quite do the job it was intended to.</p>
<p>Martin suggests that Simon's original Taba and Indonesian
examples might be characterized as instantiating a more general
comparative concept of "objectative" — a construction in which a
new P-like or R-like object is added, possibly marked with an
adposition. However useful the notion of "objectative" may prove
to be elsewhere, in the Indonesian examples at least, it is not
the case that a new argument is necessarily added, and hence they
don't meet Martin's definition of "objectative".<br>
<br>
What seems to me to be a more insightful perspective on the
Indonesian examples is that which appears to be offered by Sara
Pacchiarotti, at least judging by the partial abstract of her
dissertation cited by Doris Payne in her message earlier today.
Specifically, the Indonesian suffix "-kan" and its counterparts in
other related languages would seem to fall somewhere in the range
between her "Type B applicatives" in which "syntactic valence
might be increased, but need not be", and her "Type C applicative
constructions", in which "the applicative does not introduce an
applied phrase. Instead, it provides semantic nuances to the
lexical meaning of its root".<br>
<br>
Moving beyond the Indonesian, I suspect that both Martin's and
Sara Pacchiarotti's typologies may prove to be useful, seeing as
they are conceptually orthogonal to one another.<br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 17/10/2018 22:18, Martin Haspelmath
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:5BC79932.50702@shh.mpg.de">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
On 17.10.18 20:52, Peter Arkadiev wrote:<br>
<blockquote
cite="mid:2812461539802355@sas1-fb8a605c4548.qloud-c.yandex.net"
type="cite">There are languages, most notably Northwest
Caucasian and Kartvelian, where arguments introduced by
applicatives are coded as ditransitive Rs rather than as
monotransitive Ps. We can certainly invent a different
comparative concept for this (e.g. "version", to adapt the
traditional Caucasological term), but the similarities between
"applicatives" and "versions" seem to be more important than
differences, so it would be better to have a common comparative
concept subsuming both </blockquote>
<br>
OK, so here's a proposal: "applicative" is a construction in which
a new P-like object is added, and "versiative" is a construction
in which a new (indirective-)R-like object is added (inspired by
Russian "versija", or version). They are both subtypes of a more
general concept, perhaps called "objectative".<br>
<br>
One could also have another subtype, e.g. "adpositive", for a
verbal marker that adds a new adpositionally marked argument. Then
Simon Musgrave's original examples would be objectatives, both of
the applicative and the adpositive sort.<br>
<br>
These neologisms may sound strange, but it's actually just a
historical accident that we don't have such terms in common use.
The fact that "applicative" is a commonly used term does not mean
that there must be a natural cross-linguistic phenomenon that
corresponds to the term.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<blockquote
cite="mid:2812461539802355@sas1-fb8a605c4548.qloud-c.yandex.net"
type="cite">
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">-- </div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Peter Arkadiev, PhD</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Institute of Slavic
Studies</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Russian Academy of
Sciences</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Leninsky prospekt 32-A
119991 Moscow</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" moz-do-not-send="true">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">17.10.2018, 18:07,
"Martin Haspelmath" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" moz-do-not-send="true"><haspelmath@shh.mpg.de></a>:</div>
<blockquote xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" type="cite">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">I think the answer to Adam's question
is that a construction is an applicative only if the new
object is coded like the P-argument of a basic transitive
construction.<br>
<br>
Thus, Simon Musgrave's example (1c) from Taba (based on
Bowden 2001) is an (instrumental) applicative:<br>
<br>
npun-ak kolay peda<br>
kill-APPL snake machete<br>
<br>
But when the instrument 'machete' has its instrumental
preposition (ada peda 'with a machete'), it is not an
applicative, from a typological perspective (= as a
comparative concept).<br>
<br>
There is no "official" definition of the (typological) term
"applicative", of course, but it is my understanding that
most people use the term in this way. The Wikipedia article
reflects this by speaking about promotion to "(core)
object": <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice</a>.<br>
<br>
(Maria Polinsky's WALS article is vague and speaks just
about "increasing the number of object arguments by one",
without making precise what is meant by "object", <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://wals.info/chapter/109">https://wals.info/chapter/109</a>.
But her examples and the discussion make it clear that she
means objects coded like P-arguments.)<br>
<br>
This does not mean, of course, that the description of Taba
should not use the term "Applicative" for the suffix -ak in
all cases – but this would be a language-specific
descriptive category, somewhat like Dative is used in
Russian-type languages also when the case in question is not
used in its definitional function (recipient of 'give').<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<div>On 17.10.18 16:45, Adam James Ross Tallman wrote:</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAK0T6OixXoHc2eCv3DFwT8uyuquZYNK36qkR70mA0oFS2FOiJA@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">Hello,</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">I
know of some phenomena that is similar to this (I think)
in Chácobo and other languages. But I have a question
about terminology here. Why is it still an applicative
if a (n oblique?) postposition is marked on the
"promoted" argument? What are the criteria that identify
it as "promoted" in this case (non-repeatability,
position in clause etc...). Or is there some type of
semantic criterion at work here?</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">best,</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">Adam </div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div>On Wed, Oct 17, 2018 at 9:36 AM Françoise Rose <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>>
wrote:</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="FR">
<div>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">Dear Simon,</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">Thanks for your query, it’s very
interesting. </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">I just gave a talk at SWL8 on an
applicative construction of Mojeño that is
correlated with the presence of verbal classifiers
that refer to a location. When such a verbal
classifier is present, the “coreferential” NP can be
expressed as an object rather than an oblique (i.e.
it loses its preposition, as in the second example
below). Interestingly, there is some variation. The
preposition can be maintained in the locative
phrase, even when the verbal classifier is present,
but there is then no valency change (so the
construction does not count as an applicative).
Intransitive verbs take a 3rd person subject
t-prefix, while transitive verbs take some
semantically more specific prefixes for 3rd person
when the object is third person also (as in the
second example). So this case is not exactly what
you were looking for, but the presence of three
alternates here is interesting: the construction of
example 3 could well be an intermediate step in the
development of the applicative effect of
classifiers.</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<table style="width:459.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="height:25.55pt;">
<td style="width:196.55pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt
0cm 5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top"
width="262">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">t-junopo=po</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<p><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">te</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">to</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:100.8pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:25.55pt;">
<td style="width:196.55pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt
0cm 5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top"
width="262">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">3-run=pfv</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<p><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">prep</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">art.nh</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:100.8pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:37.85pt;">
<td colspan="4"
style="width:459.05pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:37.85pt;" valign="top" width="612">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">'S/he ran <b>to/in/from</b>
the woods.'</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<table style="width:447pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td style="width:269pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="359">
<p><a moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">ñi-jumpo<b>-je</b>-cho</span></a></p>
</td>
<td style="width:96pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">to</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td style="width:269pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="359">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">3m-run<b>-clf:interior</b>-act</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:96pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">art.nh</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td colspan="3" style="width:447pt;padding:0.75pt
5.75pt 0cm 5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top"
width="596">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">S/he runs <b>inside</b> the
woods.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<table style="width:530pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td style="width:276pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="368">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">t-jumpo<b>-je</b>-cho</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:75pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<p><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">te</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:97pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="129">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">to</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td style="width:276pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="368">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">3-run<b>-clf:interior</b>-act</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:75pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<p><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">prep</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:97pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="129">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">art.nh</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:22.35pt;">
<td colspan="4" style="width:530pt;padding:0.75pt
5.75pt 0cm 5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top"
width="707">
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">S/he ran inside the woods.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">The slides from my presentation can be
downloaded from SWL8 website.</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US">Very best,</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Françoise
ROSE</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Directrice
de Recherches 2ème classe, CNRS</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Laboratoire
Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">16
avenue Berthelot</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">69007
Lyon</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">FRANCE</span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">(33)4
<span>72 72 64 63</span></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f4e79;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a></span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">De :</span></b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"> Lingtyp [mailto:<a
moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]
<b>De la part de</b> Simon Musgrave<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> mercredi 17 octobre 2018 07:16<br>
<b>À :</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
target="_blank"
href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div>
<p>Dear Lingtyp members,</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><br>
I am posting this query on behalf of one of my PhD
students. We will post a summary of responses in due
course.<br>
<br>
From existing studies of applicatives, only two
Austronesian languages, Taba and Indonesian, have
been documented to unexpectedly retain a preposition
when an applicative affix is used to promote a
previously non-core object to core.<br>
Bowden, in his grammatical description of Taba
(2001), states that it is possible for the same idea
to be expressed using three possibilities. Firstly,
that the third entity is introduced by a
preposition, secondly that the applied object is
marked by an applicative morpheme and thirdly that
the applied object can be marked by an applicative
morpheme and preposition, as the following examples
show.<br>
<br>
(1)a. Ahmad npun kolay <br>
Ahmad 3SG=kill snake <br>
‘Ahmad killed a snake.’ <br>
<br>
b. Ahmad npun kolay ada peda
PREPOSITION<br>
Ahmad 3SG=kill snake with machete <br>
‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ <br>
<br>
c. Ahmad npunak kolay peda
APPLICATIVE<br>
Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake machete <br>
‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ <br>
<br>
d. Ahmad npunak kolay ada peda
BOTH<br>
Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake with
machete <br>
‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’
(2001:204)<br>
<br>
<br>
Sometimes Indonesian clauses with applicative verbs
suffixed with –kan retain the preposition directly
following the verb when it is expected to have been
lost according to conventional grammar rules, as
shown in 2.<br>
<br>
(2)a. Yang penting saya sangat
men-cinta-i Sandy <br>
REL important 1SG very
meN.love.APPL Sandy <br>
dan meny-enang-kan atas semua
ke-jadi-an itu <br>
meN-senang-kan <br>
and meN-pity-APPL on all event
that <br>
‘What is important is that I love Sandy and
regret everything that happened.’ (Musgrave
2001:156)<br>
<br>
b. Kami juga sudah mem-bicara-kan
dengan pem-erintah pusat<br>
2PL also already meN-talk-APPL
with government central<br>
di Jakarta soal rencana
men-ambah beasiswa Jerman<br>
in Jakarta matter plan
meN-increase scholarship German<br>
untuk Indonesia… <br>
for Indonesia <br>
‘We have also spoken with the central government
in Jakarta about the plan to increase German
scholarships to Indonesia.’ (Quasthoff &
Gottwald 2012: indmix_565272)<br>
<br>
<br>
Previous studies of Indonesian have noted the
co-occurrence of applicatives and prepositions and
have usually made passing comments often speculating
that this feature is prevalent in non-standard
Indonesian.<br>
<br>
Our query is whether any list subscribers know of
other languages which show this phenomenon and has
anyone written about it?</p>
</div>
<div>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Thanks in advance for any information which you can
share!</p>
</div>
<div>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Best, Simon</p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><br>
References<br>
Bowden, John. 2001. Taba: Description of a South
Halmahera language. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.<br>
Musgrave, Simon. 2001. Non-subject arguments in
Indonesian. The University of Melbourne. (PhD
thesis).<br>
Quasthoff, Uwe & Sebastian Gottwald. 2012.
Leipzig corpus collection. (Ed.) Uwe Quasthoff &
Gerhard Heyer. University of Leipzig. <a
moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
href="http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/">http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/</a>.</p>
</div>
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--</p>
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<p><b><span>Simon Musgrave </span></b><span>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><span>Lecturer</span></p>
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Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" moz-do-not-send="true">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
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