<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    On 17.10.18 20:52, Peter Arkadiev wrote:<br>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:2812461539802355@sas1-fb8a605c4548.qloud-c.yandex.net"
      type="cite">There are languages, most notably Northwest Caucasian
      and Kartvelian, where arguments introduced by applicatives are
      coded as ditransitive Rs rather than as monotransitive Ps. We can
      certainly invent a different comparative concept for this (e.g.
      "version", to adapt the traditional Caucasological term), but the
      similarities between "applicatives" and "versions" seem to be more
      important than differences, so it would be better to have a common
      comparative concept subsuming both </blockquote>
    <br>
    OK, so here's a proposal: "applicative" is a construction in which a
    new P-like object is added, and "versiative" is a construction in
    which a new (indirective-)R-like object is added (inspired by
    Russian "versija", or version). They are both subtypes of a more
    general concept, perhaps called "objectative".<br>
    <br>
    One could also have another subtype, e.g. "adpositive", for a verbal
    marker that adds a new adpositionally marked argument. Then Simon
    Musgrave's original examples would be objectatives, both of the
    applicative and the adpositive sort.<br>
    <br>
    These neologisms may sound strange, but it's actually just a
    historical accident that we don't have such terms in common use. The
    fact that "applicative" is a commonly used term does not mean that
    there must be a natural cross-linguistic phenomenon that corresponds
    to the term.<br>
    <br>
    Best,<br>
    Martin<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:2812461539802355@sas1-fb8a605c4548.qloud-c.yandex.net"
      type="cite">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">-- </div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Peter Arkadiev, PhD</div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Institute of Slavic
        Studies</div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Russian Academy of
        Sciences</div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Leninsky prospekt 32-A
        119991 Moscow</div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a></div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a></div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> </div>
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">17.10.2018, 18:07,
        "Martin Haspelmath" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de"><haspelmath@shh.mpg.de></a>:</div>
      <blockquote xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" type="cite">
        <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">I think the answer to Adam's question is
          that a construction is an applicative only if the new object
          is coded like the P-argument of a basic transitive
          construction.<br>
          <br>
          Thus, Simon Musgrave's example (1c) from Taba (based on Bowden
          2001) is an (instrumental) applicative:<br>
          <br>
          npun-ak kolay peda<br>
          kill-APPL snake machete<br>
          <br>
          But when the instrument 'machete' has its instrumental
          preposition (ada peda 'with a machete'), it is not an
          applicative, from a typological perspective (= as a
          comparative concept).<br>
          <br>
          There is no "official" definition of the (typological) term
          "applicative", of course, but it is my understanding that most
          people use the term in this way. The Wikipedia article
          reflects this by speaking about promotion to "(core) object":
          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice</a>.<br>
          <br>
          (Maria Polinsky's WALS article is vague and speaks just about
          "increasing the number of object arguments by one", without
          making precise what is meant by "object", <a
            moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://wals.info/chapter/109">https://wals.info/chapter/109</a>.
          But her examples and the discussion make it clear that she
          means objects coded like P-arguments.)<br>
          <br>
          This does not mean, of course, that the description of Taba
          should not use the term "Applicative" for the suffix -ak in
          all cases – but this would be a language-specific descriptive
          category, somewhat like Dative is used in Russian-type
          languages also when the case in question is not used in its
          definitional function (recipient of 'give').<br>
          <br>
          Best,<br>
          Martin<br>
          <br>
           
          <div>On 17.10.18 16:45, Adam James Ross Tallman wrote:</div>
          <blockquote
cite="mid:CAK0T6OixXoHc2eCv3DFwT8uyuquZYNK36qkR70mA0oFS2FOiJA@mail.gmail.com"
            type="cite">
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">Hello,</div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">I
              know of some phenomena that is similar to this (I think)
              in Chácobo and other languages. But I have a question
              about terminology here. Why is it still an applicative if
              a (n oblique?) postposition is marked on the "promoted"
              argument? What are the criteria that identify it as
              "promoted" in this case (non-repeatability, position in
              clause etc...). Or is there some type of semantic
              criterion at work here?</div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">best,</div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;"> </div>
            <div style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130;">Adam </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
         
        <div>On Wed, Oct 17, 2018 at 9:36 AM Françoise Rose <<a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>>
          wrote:</div>
        <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
          solid;padding-left:1ex;">
          <div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="FR">
            <div>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US">Dear Simon,</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US">Thanks for your query, it’s very
                  interesting. </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US">I just gave a talk at SWL8 on an
                  applicative construction of Mojeño that is correlated
                  with the presence of verbal classifiers that refer to
                  a location. When such a verbal classifier is present,
                  the “coreferential” NP can be expressed as an object
                  rather than an oblique (i.e. it loses its preposition,
                  as in the second example below). Interestingly, there
                  is some variation. The preposition can be maintained
                  in the locative phrase, even when the verbal
                  classifier is present, but there is then no valency
                  change (so the construction does not count as an
                  applicative). Intransitive verbs take a 3rd person
                  subject t-prefix, while transitive verbs take some
                  semantically more specific prefixes for 3rd person
                  when the object is third person also (as in the second
                  example). So this case is not exactly what you were
                  looking for, but the presence of three alternates here
                  is interesting: the construction of example 3 could
                  well be an intermediate step in the development of the
                  applicative effect of classifiers.</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <table style="width:459.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
                width="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
                  <tr style="height:25.55pt;">
                    <td style="width:196.55pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="262">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">t-junopo=po</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
                      <p><b><span
                            style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                            lang="EN-US">te</span></b></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">to</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:100.8pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="134">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:25.55pt;">
                    <td style="width:196.55pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="262">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">3-run=pfv</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
                      <p><b><span
                            style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                            lang="EN-US">prep</span></b></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:80.85pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="108">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">art.nh</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:100.8pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:25.55pt;" valign="top" width="134">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:37.85pt;">
                    <td colspan="4" style="width:459.05pt;padding:0.75pt
                      5.75pt 0cm 5.75pt;height:37.85pt;" valign="top"
                      width="612">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">'S/he ran <b>to/in/from</b> the
                          woods.'</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <table style="width:447pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
                width="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td style="width:269pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="359">
                      <p><a moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                            style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                            lang="EN-US">ñi-jumpo<b>-je</b>-cho</span></a></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:96pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="128">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">to</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td style="width:269pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="359">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">3m-run<b>-clf:interior</b>-act</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:96pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="128">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">art.nh</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td colspan="3" style="width:447pt;padding:0.75pt
                      5.75pt 0cm 5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top"
                      width="596">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">S/he runs <b>inside</b> the
                          woods.</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <table style="width:530pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
                width="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td style="width:276pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="368">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">t-jumpo<b>-je</b>-cho</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:75pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="100">
                      <p><b><span
                            style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">te</span></b></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:97pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="129">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">to</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">smeno</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td style="width:276pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="368">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">3-run<b>-clf:interior</b>-act</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:75pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="100">
                      <p><b><span
                            style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                            lang="EN-US">prep</span></b></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:97pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="129">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">art.nh</span></p>
                    </td>
                    <td style="width:82pt;padding:0.75pt 5.75pt 0cm
                      5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top" width="109">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">woods</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr style="height:22.35pt;">
                    <td colspan="4" style="width:530pt;padding:0.75pt
                      5.75pt 0cm 5.75pt;height:22.35pt;" valign="top"
                      width="707">
                      <p><span
                          style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                          lang="EN-US">S/he ran inside the woods.</span></p>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US">The slides from my presentation can be
                  downloaded from SWL8 website.</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US">Very best,</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Françoise
                  ROSE</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Directrice
                  de Recherches 2ème classe, CNRS</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">Laboratoire
                  Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">16
                  avenue Berthelot</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">69007
                  Lyon</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">FRANCE</span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;">(33)4
                  <span>72 72 64 63</span></span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f4e79;"><a
                    moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                    href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a></span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#1f497d;"
                  lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
              <p><b><span
                    style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">De :</span></b><span
                  style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">
                  Lingtyp [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    target="_blank"
                    href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]
                  <b>De la part de</b> Simon Musgrave<br>
                  <b>Envoyé :</b> mercredi 17 octobre 2018 07:16<br>
                  <b>À :</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                    href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
                  <b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition</span></p>
              <p> </p>
              <div>
                <p>Dear Lingtyp members,</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p><br>
                  I am posting this query on behalf of one of my PhD
                  students. We will post a summary of responses in due
                  course.<br>
                  <br>
                  From existing studies of applicatives, only two
                  Austronesian languages, Taba and Indonesian, have been
                  documented to unexpectedly retain a preposition when
                  an applicative affix is used to promote a previously
                  non-core object to core.<br>
                  Bowden, in his grammatical description of Taba (2001),
                  states that it is possible for the same idea to be
                  expressed using three possibilities. Firstly, that the
                  third entity is introduced by a preposition, secondly
                  that the applied object is marked by an applicative
                  morpheme and thirdly that the applied object can be
                  marked by an applicative morpheme and preposition, as
                  the following examples show.<br>
                  <br>
                  (1)a.    Ahmad    npun    kolay   <br>
                      Ahmad    3SG=kill    snake   <br>
                      ‘Ahmad killed a snake.’   <br>
                  <br>
                  b.    Ahmad    npun    kolay    ada    peda   
                  PREPOSITION<br>
                      Ahmad    3SG=kill    snake    with    machete   <br>
                      ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’   <br>
                  <br>
                  c.    Ahmad    npunak    kolay    peda    APPLICATIVE<br>
                      Ahmad    3SG=kill-APPL    snake    machete   <br>
                      ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’   <br>
                  <br>
                      d.    Ahmad    npunak    kolay    ada    peda   
                  BOTH<br>
                      Ahmad    3SG=kill-APPL    snake    with   
                  machete   <br>
                      ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’   
                  (2001:204)<br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  Sometimes Indonesian clauses with applicative verbs
                  suffixed with –kan retain the preposition directly
                  following the verb when it is expected to have been
                  lost according to conventional grammar rules, as shown
                  in 2.<br>
                  <br>
                  (2)a.    Yang    penting    saya    sangat   
                  men-cinta-i    Sandy   <br>
                      REL    important    1SG    very   
                  meN.love.APPL    Sandy   <br>
                      dan     meny-enang-kan    atas    semua   
                  ke-jadi-an    itu   <br>
                          meN-senang-kan                   <br>
                      and    meN-pity-APPL    on    all    event   
                  that   <br>
                      ‘What is important is that I love Sandy and regret
                  everything that happened.’     (Musgrave 2001:156)<br>
                  <br>
                      b.    Kami    juga    sudah    mem-bicara-kan   
                  dengan     pem-erintah     pusat<br>
                      2PL    also    already    meN-talk-APPL    with   
                  government    central<br>
                      di     Jakarta    soal    rencana    men-ambah   
                  beasiswa    Jerman<br>
                      in    Jakarta    matter    plan    meN-increase   
                  scholarship    German<br>
                      untuk    Indonesia…               <br>
                      for    Indonesia               <br>
                      ‘We have also spoken with the central government
                  in Jakarta about the plan to increase German
                  scholarships to Indonesia.’      (Quasthoff &
                  Gottwald 2012: indmix_565272)<br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  Previous studies of Indonesian have noted the
                  co-occurrence of applicatives and prepositions and
                  have usually made passing comments often speculating
                  that this feature is prevalent in non-standard
                  Indonesian.<br>
                  <br>
                  Our query is whether any list subscribers know of
                  other languages which show this phenomenon and has
                  anyone written about it?</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p> </p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p>Thanks in advance for any information which you can
                  share!</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p> </p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p>Best, Simon</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><br>
                  References<br>
                  Bowden, John. 2001. Taba: Description of a South
                  Halmahera language. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.<br>
                  Musgrave, Simon. 2001. Non-subject arguments in
                  Indonesian. The University of Melbourne. (PhD thesis).<br>
                  Quasthoff, Uwe & Sebastian Gottwald. 2012. Leipzig
                  corpus collection. (Ed.) Uwe Quasthoff & Gerhard
                  Heyer. University of Leipzig. <a
                    moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                    href="http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/">http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/</a>.</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p><br>
                  --</p>
                <div>
                  <p
style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:18pt;"><span
style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#222222;">-- </span></p>
                  <div>
                    <p><b><span>Simon Musgrave  </span></b><span>       
                                </span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><span>Lecturer</span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p><b><span>School of Languages, Literatures,
                          Cultures and Linguistics</span></b></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p><span>Monash University</span></p>
                  </div>
                  <p><span>VIC 3800</span></p>
                  <div>
                    <p><span>Australia</span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p> </p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p><span>T: <span>+61 3 9905 8234</span>           
                                  </span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p><span>E: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          target="_blank"
                          href="mailto:name.surname@monash.edu">
                          simon.musgrave@monash.edu</a></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p><span><a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                          href="http://monash.edu/">monash.edu</a></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <p> </p>
                  </div>
                  <p> </p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p>Secretary, Australasian Association for the Digital
                    Humanities (<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      target="_blank" href="http://aa-dh.org/">aaDH</a>)</p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><br>
                    <a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                      href="http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/simon-musgrave/">Official
                      page</a><br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                     </p>
                  <div>
                    <p> </p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
              _______________________________________________<br>
              Lingtyp mailing list<br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank"
                href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
         
        <div> </div>
        --
        <div><font face="monospace, monospace">Adam J.R. Tallman</font>
          <div><font face="monospace, monospace">Investigador del Museo
              de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz</font>
            <div><font face="monospace, monospace">PhD, UT Austin</font></div>
          </div>
        </div>
         
        <pre>_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
      </blockquote>
       
      <pre>-- 
Martin Haspelmath (<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10   
D-07745 Jena  
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik 
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig    





</pre>
      ,
      <p>_______________________________________________<br>
        Lingtyp mailing list<br>
        <a moz-do-not-send="true"
          href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
        <a moz-do-not-send="true"
          href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></p>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10   
D-07745 Jena  
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik 
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig    





</pre>
  </body>
</html>