<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Lingtyp members,</div><div></div><div><br>I am posting this query on behalf of one of my PhD students. We will post a summary of responses in due course.<br><br>From existing studies of applicatives, only two Austronesian languages, Taba and Indonesian, have been documented to unexpectedly retain a preposition when an applicative affix is used to promote a previously non-core object to core. <br>Bowden, in his grammatical description of Taba (2001), states that it is possible for the same idea to be expressed using three possibilities. Firstly, that the third entity is introduced by a preposition, secondly that the applied object is marked by an applicative morpheme and thirdly that the applied object can be marked by an applicative morpheme and preposition, as the following examples show. <br><br>(1)a. Ahmad npun kolay <br> Ahmad 3SG=kill snake <br> ‘Ahmad killed a snake.’ <br><br>b. Ahmad npun kolay ada peda PREPOSITION<br> Ahmad 3SG=kill snake with machete <br> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ <br><br>c. Ahmad npunak kolay peda APPLICATIVE<br> Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake machete <br> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ <br><br> d. Ahmad npunak kolay ada peda BOTH<br> Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake with machete <br> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ (2001:204)<br><br><br>Sometimes Indonesian clauses with applicative verbs suffixed with –kan retain the preposition directly following the verb when it is expected to have been lost according to conventional grammar rules, as shown in 2. <br><br>(2)a. Yang penting saya sangat men-cinta-i Sandy <br> REL important 1SG very meN.love.APPL Sandy <br> dan meny-enang-kan atas semua ke-jadi-an itu <br> meN-senang-kan <br> and meN-pity-APPL on all event that <br> ‘What is important is that I love Sandy and regret everything that happened.’ (Musgrave 2001:156)<br><br> b. Kami juga sudah mem-bicara-kan dengan pem-erintah pusat<br> 2PL also already meN-talk-APPL with government central<br> di Jakarta soal rencana men-ambah beasiswa Jerman<br> in Jakarta matter plan meN-increase scholarship German<br> untuk Indonesia… <br> for Indonesia <br> ‘We have also spoken with the central government in Jakarta about the plan to increase German scholarships to Indonesia.’ (Quasthoff & Gottwald 2012: indmix_565272)<br><br><br>Previous studies of Indonesian have noted the co-occurrence of applicatives and prepositions and have usually made passing comments often speculating that this feature is prevalent in non-standard Indonesian. <br><br>Our query is whether any list subscribers know of other languages which show this phenomenon and has anyone written about it? <br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks in advance for any information which you can share!</div><div><br></div><div>Best, Simon<br></div><div><br>References <br>Bowden, John. 2001. Taba: Description of a South Halmahera language. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.<br>Musgrave, Simon. 2001. Non-subject arguments in Indonesian. The University of Melbourne. (PhD thesis).<br>Quasthoff, Uwe & Sebastian Gottwald. 2012. Leipzig corpus collection. (Ed.) Uwe Quasthoff & Gerhard Heyer. University of Leipzig. <a href="http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/">http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/</a>.<br><br></div><div><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">
<p style="font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:24px;line-height:24px;font-family:"times new roman",serif;color:rgb(96,102,109)"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;line-height:normal">-- </span><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;line-height:normal"></p><div style="font-size:small"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><b>Simon Musgrave </b> </span><br></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">Lecturer<br><br></font><span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><b>School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics<br></b></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">Monash University</font></div><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">VIC 3800</font><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">Australia</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">T: +61 3 9905 8234 <br></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">E: <a href="mailto:name.surname@monash.edu" target="_blank">simon.musgrave@monash.edu</a></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><a href="http://monash.edu/" target="_blank">monash.edu</a></font></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:"arial narrow",sans-serif;line-height:24px"></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;font-size:9pt;line-height:18pt"></span></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:18pt"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p><br></div><div>Secretary, Australasian Association for the Digital Humanities (<a href="http://aa-dh.org/" target="_blank">aaDH</a>)<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br><a href="http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/simon-musgrave/" target="_blank">Official page</a><br><br><br><br><a href="http://users.monash.edu.au/~smusgrav/index.html" target="_blank"></a><br><br><br><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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