<html><head></head><body><div class="ydp46bf219ayahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div><div><span><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hi,</span><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;"><p class="ydpb89a70dcMsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">I am editing a volume about adpositions and similar elements in languages from America. The book (written in Spanish) includes chapters on Maká, Chorote/Manjui, Jê languages, Waimiri Atroari, Kakinte, Chamicuro, Me’phaa de Teocuitlapa, Mixe de Yacochi, Mixe de Tamazulápam, Tepehua, Huichol, Tarahumara, Yaqui, Seri and Spanish.</span></p><p class="ydpb89a70dcMsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">At least for Maká (Mataguaya, Paraguay) and Chorote/Manjui (Chaco; Argentina and Paraguay), the authors suggest there are no adpositions but applicative morphemes. There are locative, directional, beneficiary and instrumental applicatives. One of the authors discuss the status of these morphemes as applicatives vs some sort of <i>encliticized </i>adpositions. In Tepehua (Totonac-Tepehua; México), there are a couple of prepositions as well as applicative morphemes (like Totonac, mentioned by David Beck before). In Mixe, there are some constructions that introduce the ‘instrument’: adposition, incorporation, two applicatives and a relational pre-verbal element.</span></p><p class="ydpb89a70dcMsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">It seems that the functional overlap between adpositions and applicative-like markers is common in languages from this area too. The book will be published in April 2019. Hopefully, it will contribute with new and interesting data to the current discussion.</span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">My best,</span><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Lilián</span></div><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><br></span></div></span><br></div><div><br></div><div class="ydp46bf219asignature">Dra. Lilián Guerrero<br>Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas<br>Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas<br>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México<br>Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F.<br>Tel. Seminario:(+52)-(55)-5622-7489<br>Fax: (+52)-(55)-5622 7907<br>Página web: http://lilianguerrero.weebly.com, https://unam.academia.edu/LilianGuerrero<div><br><div><div><br></div><div>Lo más importante es no hacer daño, no violentar, no maltratar.... respetar al otro, a todos los otros! </div></div></div></div></div>
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El viernes, 19 de octubre de 2018 4:29:12 GMT-5, lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org> escribió:
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<div><div dir="ltr">Send Lingtyp mailing list submissions to<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">You can reach the person managing the list at<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-owner@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-owner@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-owner@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific<br></div><div dir="ltr">than "Re: Contents of Lingtyp digest..."<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Today's Topics:<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"> 1. Re: Applicative and preposition (Peter Arkadiev)<br></div><div dir="ltr"> 2. Re: Applicative and preposition (Martin Haspelmath)<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">----------------------------------------------------------------------<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Message: 1<br></div><div dir="ltr">Date: Fri, 19 Oct 2018 11:51:10 +0300<br></div><div dir="ltr">From: Peter Arkadiev <<a ymailto="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">To: "Dryer, Matthew" <<a ymailto="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu" href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>>, Martin Haspelmath<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>, "<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>"<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition<br></div><div dir="ltr">Message-ID: <<a ymailto="mailto:6000501539939070@sas1-890ba5c2334a.qloud-c.yandex.net" href="mailto:6000501539939070@sas1-890ba5c2334a.qloud-c.yandex.net">6000501539939070@sas1-890ba5c2334a.qloud-c.yandex.net</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br></div><div dir="ltr">URL: <<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20181019/1e82e5b3/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20181019/1e82e5b3/attachment-0001.html</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">------------------------------<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Message: 2<br></div><div dir="ltr">Date: Fri, 19 Oct 2018 11:26:01 +0200<br></div><div dir="ltr">From: Martin Haspelmath <<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">To: Peter Arkadiev <<a ymailto="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a>>, "Dryer, Matthew"<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <<a ymailto="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu" href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>>, "<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>"<br></div><div dir="ltr"> <<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition<br></div><div dir="ltr">Message-ID: <<a ymailto="mailto:5BC9A329.5090707@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:5BC9A329.5090707@shh.mpg.de">5BC9A329.5090707@shh.mpg.de</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed"<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Yes, transparent terms are ideal, but I think it's even more important <br></div><div dir="ltr">to have terms that mean what they always meant. Changing the meaning of <br></div><div dir="ltr">a term just because one realizes that the phenomena are richer is not a <br></div><div dir="ltr">good idea, because it introduces polysemy (and thus leads to confusion).<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">There is no standard nomenclature in our discipline, so for most people, <br></div><div dir="ltr">most traditional terms have narrow meanings that are determined by <br></div><div dir="ltr">stereotypes. These stereotypes are typically determined by a few <br></div><div dir="ltr">well-known languages that come up in textbooks again and again.<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">For example, "serial verb construction" (SVC), "incorporation", "labile <br></div><div dir="ltr">verb", and "passive" are other well-known terms for phenomena that cover <br></div><div dir="ltr">only parts of larger domains. SVCs have no linker between verbs but are <br></div><div dir="ltr">closely related to other multi-verb construction types that have such a <br></div><div dir="ltr">linker but otherwise SVC-like. What should we do? Extend the meaning of <br></div><div dir="ltr">"SVC" beyond the stereotype and start talking about "unlinked SVCs" and <br></div><div dir="ltr">"linked SVCs"?<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">My feeling is that if a well-known term has no clear definition but many <br></div><div dir="ltr">people use the term assuming that there is a definition (as happens all <br></div><div dir="ltr">the time in linguistics), it is best to give it a narrow definition and <br></div><div dir="ltr">introduce a new term for the larger domain.<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">Martin<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">On 19.10.18 10:51, Peter Arkadiev wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Thank you, Matthew, this is an excellent point and a very useful <br></div><div dir="ltr">> typology, which, I hope, will be taken up. What we often need are <br></div><div dir="ltr">> rather a general label for a broader class of phenomena and derived <br></div><div dir="ltr">> sub-labels identifying particular subtypes based on a particular <br></div><div dir="ltr">> property, rather than opaque and unrelated terms for everyting.<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Peter<br></div><div dir="ltr">> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">> Peter Arkadiev, PhD<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Institute of Slavic Studies<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Russian Academy of Sciences<br></div><div dir="ltr">> Leninsky prospekt 32-A 119991 Moscow<br></div><div dir="ltr">> <a ymailto="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">> <a href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev" target="_blank">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">> 19.10.2018, 06:13, "Dryer, Matthew" <<a ymailto="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu" href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>>:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Setting aside the issues that I raised in my previous email about the <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> fact that something can be P-like in some respects but not in others, <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> there is a separate issue regarding different types of applicatives. <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Martin’s proposed terminology whereby ‘"applicative" is a <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> construction in which a new P-like object is added, and "versiative" <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> is a construction in which a new (indirective-)R-like object is <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> added’, a problem arises with the fact that in many languages P’s and <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> R’s are treated the same way and in such languages, there is often an <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> applicative that adds an argument that is thus simultaneously P-like <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> and R-like. Fortunately this is easily fixed, but it is useful to <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> look at the logical space of possible applicatives and have labels <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> for each. Whether all of these are attested is not clear. So here is <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> a list of possible types:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> A PR-applicative is an applicative in a language in which P’s and R’s <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> are treated the same way (and differently from T’s) and the added <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> argument is treated like P’s and R’s.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> A PT-applicative is an applicative in a language in which P’s and T’s <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> are treated the same way (and differently from R’s) and the added <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> argument is treated like P’s and T’s.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> An R-applicative is an applicative in a language in which R’s are <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated differently from P’s and T’s and the added argument is <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated like an R.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> A T-applicative is an applicative in a language in which T’s are <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated differently from P’s and R’s and the added argument is <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated like a T.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> The four possibilities above all appear to be attested but two other <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> logical possibilities are<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> A P-applicative is an applicative in a language in which P’s are <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated differently from both R’s and T’s and the added argument is <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> treated like a P.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> A PTR-applicative is an applicative in a language in which P’s, T’s <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> and R’s are treated the same way and the added argument is treated <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> like them.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Martin’s proposed terminology would not treat R-applicatives as <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> applicatives. The problem is that there are various perhaps even many <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> languages with T-applicatives and these have always been called <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> applicatives. It would be very strange to treat T-applicatives but <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> not R-applicatives as applicatives when they are analogous to each <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> other and to treat neither as applicatives would be proposing a new <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> use of the term that would only be confusing.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> And although I think that it is a mistake to dwell too much on <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> terminological issues, I would suggest that one of the basic <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> principles in proposing new terminology is that it be as transparent <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> as possible. My term “R-applicative” is transparent, at least when <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> seen in contrast with the other types, while I find Martin’s proposed <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> “versiative” rather opaque.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Matthew<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> From: Lingtyp <<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>> on behalf of <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Martin Haspelmath <<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 at 4:18 PM<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> To: "<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>" <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> On 17.10.18 20:52, Peter Arkadiev wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> There are languages, most notably Northwest Caucasian and Kartvelian, <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> where arguments introduced by applicatives are coded as ditransitive <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Rs rather than as monotransitive Ps. We can certainly invent a <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> different comparative concept for this (e.g. "version", to adapt the <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> traditional Caucasological term), but the similarities between <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> "applicatives" and "versions" seem to be more important than <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> differences, so it would be better to have a common comparative <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> concept subsuming both<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> OK, so here's a proposal: "applicative" is a construction in which a <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> new P-like object is added, and "versiative" is a construction in <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> which a new (indirective-)R-like object is added (inspired by Russian <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> "versija", or version). They are both subtypes of a more general <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> concept, perhaps called "objectative".<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> One could also have another subtype, e.g. "adpositive", for a verbal <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> marker that adds a new adpositionally marked argument. Then Simon <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Musgrave's original examples would be objectatives, both of the <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> applicative and the adpositive sort.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> These neologisms may sound strange, but it's actually just a <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> historical accident that we don't have such terms in common use. The <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> fact that "applicative" is a commonly used term does not mean that <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> there must be a natural cross-linguistic phenomenon that corresponds <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> to the term.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Martin<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Peter Arkadiev, PhD<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Institute of Slavic Studies<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Russian Academy of Sciences<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Leninsky prospekt 32-A 119991 Moscow<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <a ymailto="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <a href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev" target="_blank">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> 17.10.2018, 18:07, "Martin Haspelmath" <<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> I think the answer to Adam's question is that a construction is an <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> applicative only if the new object is coded like the P-argument of <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> a basic transitive construction.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Thus, Simon Musgrave's example (1c) from Taba (based on Bowden <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 2001) is an (instrumental) applicative:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> npun-ak kolay peda<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> kill-APPL snake machete<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> But when the instrument 'machete' has its instrumental preposition <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (ada peda 'with a machete'), it is not an applicative, from a <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> typological perspective (= as a comparative concept).<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> There is no "official" definition of the (typological) term <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> "applicative", of course, but it is my understanding that most <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> people use the term in this way. The Wikipedia article reflects <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> this by speaking about promotion to "(core) object": <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice " target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice </a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice</a>>.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (Maria Polinsky's WALS article is vague and speaks just about <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> "increasing the number of object arguments by one", without making <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> precise what is meant by "object", <a href="https://wals.info/chapter/109. " target="_blank">https://wals.info/chapter/109. </a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> But her examples and the discussion make it clear that she means <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> objects coded like P-arguments.)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> This does not mean, of course, that the description of Taba should <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> not use the term "Applicative" for the suffix -ak in all cases – <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> but this would be a language-specific descriptive category, <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> somewhat like Dative is used in Russian-type languages also when <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> the case in question is not used in its definitional function <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (recipient of 'give').<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Martin<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> On 17.10.18 16:45, Adam James Ross Tallman wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> Hello,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> I know of some phenomena that is similar to this (I think) in <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> Chácobo and other languages. But I have a question about <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> terminology here. Why is it still an applicative if a (n oblique?) <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> postposition is marked on the "promoted" argument? What are the <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> criteria that identify it as "promoted" in this case <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> (non-repeatability, position in clause etc...). Or is there some <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> type of semantic criterion at work here?<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>>> Adam<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> On Wed, Oct 17, 2018 at 9:36 AM Françoise Rose <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <<a ymailto="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr" href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr" href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>>> wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Dear Simon,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Thanks for your query, it’s very interesting.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> I just gave a talk at SWL8 on an applicative construction of<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Mojeño that is correlated with the presence of verbal<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> classifiers that refer to a location. When such a verbal<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> classifier is present, the “coreferential” NP can be expressed<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> as an object rather than an oblique (i.e. it loses its<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> preposition, as in the second example below). Interestingly,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> there is some variation. The preposition can be maintained in<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> the locative phrase, even when the verbal classifier is<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> present, but there is then no valency change (so the<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> construction does not count as an applicative). Intransitive<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> verbs take a 3rd person subject t-prefix, while transitive<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> verbs take some semantically more specific prefixes for 3rd<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> person when the object is third person also (as in the second<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> example). So this case is not exactly what you were looking<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> for, but the presence of three alternates here is interesting:<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> the construction of example 3 could well be an intermediate<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> step in the development of the applicative effect of classifiers.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> t-junopo=po<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *te*<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> to<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> smeno<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 3-run=pfv<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *prep*<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> art.nh<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> woods<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 'S/he ran *to/in/from* the woods.'<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ñi-jumpo*-je*-cho<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> to<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> smeno<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 3m-run*-clf:interior*-act<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> art.nh<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> woods<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> S/he runs *inside* the woods.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> t-jumpo*-je*-cho<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *te*<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> to<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> smeno<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 3-run*-clf:interior*-act<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *prep*<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> art.nh<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> woods<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> S/he ran inside the woods.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> The slides from my presentation can be downloaded from SWL8<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> website.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Very best,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Françoise ROSE<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Directrice de Recherches 2ème classe, CNRS<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 16 avenue Berthelot<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 69007 Lyon<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> FRANCE<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (33)4 72 72 64 63<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE <<a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE" target="_blank">http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *De :*Lingtyp [mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>] *De la part<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> de* Simon Musgrave<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *Envoyé :* mercredi 17 octobre 2018 07:16<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *À :* <a ymailto="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *Objet :* [Lingtyp] Applicative and preposition<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Dear Lingtyp members,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> I am posting this query on behalf of one of my PhD students. We<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> will post a summary of responses in due course.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> From existing studies of applicatives, only two Austronesian<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> languages, Taba and Indonesian, have been documented to<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> unexpectedly retain a preposition when an applicative affix is<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> used to promote a previously non-core object to core.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Bowden, in his grammatical description of Taba (2001), states<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> that it is possible for the same idea to be expressed using<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> three possibilities. Firstly, that the third entity is<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> introduced by a preposition, secondly that the applied object<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> is marked by an applicative morpheme and thirdly that the<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> applied object can be marked by an applicative morpheme and<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> preposition, as the following examples show.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (1)a. Ahmad npun kolay<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Ahmad 3SG=kill snake<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘Ahmad killed a snake.’<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> b. Ahmad npun kolay ada peda PREPOSITION<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Ahmad 3SG=kill snake with machete<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> c. Ahmad npunak kolay peda APPLICATIVE<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake machete<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> d. Ahmad npunak kolay ada peda BOTH<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Ahmad 3SG=kill-APPL snake with machete<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘Ahmad killed a snake with a machete.’ (2001:204)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Sometimes Indonesian clauses with applicative verbs suffixed<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> with –kan retain the preposition directly following the verb<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> when it is expected to have been lost according to conventional<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> grammar rules, as shown in 2.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (2)a. Yang penting saya sangat men-cinta-i Sandy<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> REL important 1SG very meN.love.APPL Sandy<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> dan meny-enang-kan atas semua ke-jadi-an itu<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> meN-senang-kan<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> and meN-pity-APPL on all event that<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘What is important is that I love Sandy and regret<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> everything that happened.’ (Musgrave 2001:156)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> b. Kami juga sudah mem-bicara-kan dengan <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> pem-erintah pusat<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> 2PL also already meN-talk-APPL with government<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> central<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> di Jakarta soal rencana men-ambah beasiswa <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Jerman<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> in Jakarta matter plan meN-increase <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> scholarship German<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> untuk Indonesia…<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> for Indonesia<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> ‘We have also spoken with the central government in Jakarta<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> about the plan to increase German scholarships to Indonesia.’<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (Quasthoff & Gottwald 2012: indmix_565272)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Previous studies of Indonesian have noted the co-occurrence of<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> applicatives and prepositions and have usually made passing<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> comments often speculating that this feature is prevalent in<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> non-standard Indonesian.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Our query is whether any list subscribers know of other<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> languages which show this phenomenon and has anyone written<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> about it?<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Thanks in advance for any information which you can share!<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Best, Simon<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> References<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Bowden, John. 2001. Taba: Description of a South Halmahera<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> language. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Musgrave, Simon. 2001. Non-subject arguments in Indonesian. The<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> University of Melbourne. (PhD thesis).<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Quasthoff, Uwe & Sebastian Gottwald. 2012. Leipzig corpus<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> collection. (Ed.) Uwe Quasthoff & Gerhard Heyer. University of<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Leipzig. <a href="http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/" target="_blank">http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <<a href="http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/" target="_blank">http://corpora2.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/</a>>.<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> --<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *Simon Musgrave *<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Lecturer<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> *School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics*<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Monash University<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> VIC 3800<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Australia<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> T: +61 3 9905 8234<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> E: <a ymailto="mailto:simon.musgrave@monash.edu" href="mailto:simon.musgrave@monash.edu">simon.musgrave@monash.edu</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:name.surname@monash.edu" href="mailto:name.surname@monash.edu">name.surname@monash.edu</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> monash.edu <<a href="http://monash.edu/" target="_blank">http://monash.edu/</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Secretary, Australasian Association for the Digital Humanities<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> (aaDH <<a href="http://aa-dh.org/" target="_blank">http://aa-dh.org/</a>>)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Official page <<a href="http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/simon-musgrave/" target="_blank">http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/simon-musgrave/</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> _______________________________________________<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Lingtyp mailing list<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Adam J.R. Tallman<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> PhD, UT Austin<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> _______________________________________________<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> Lingtyp mailing list<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>>> <a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Martin Haspelmath (<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Kahlaische Strasse 10 <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> D-07745 Jena<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> &<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Leipzig University<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Institut fuer Anglistik<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> IPF 141199<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> D-04081 Leipzig<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> ,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> _______________________________________________<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> Lingtyp mailing list<br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> -- <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Martin Haspelmath (<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>>)<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Kahlaische Strasse 10 <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> D-07745 Jena<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> &<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Leipzig University<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Institut fuer Anglistik<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> IPF 141199<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> D-04081 Leipzig<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> ,<br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> _______________________________________________<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> Lingtyp mailing list<br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <mailto:<a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr">>> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr">>><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">-- <br></div><div dir="ltr">Martin Haspelmath (<a ymailto="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)<br></div><div dir="ltr">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History<br></div><div dir="ltr">Kahlaische Strasse 10 <br></div><div dir="ltr">D-07745 Jena<br></div><div dir="ltr">&<br></div><div dir="ltr">Leipzig University<br></div><div dir="ltr">Institut fuer Anglistik<br></div><div dir="ltr">IPF 141199<br></div><div dir="ltr">D-04081 Leipzig<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">-------------- next part --------------<br></div><div dir="ltr">An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br></div><div dir="ltr">URL: <<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20181019/624a9c05/attachment.html" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20181019/624a9c05/attachment.html</a>><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">------------------------------<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Subject: Digest Footer<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">_______________________________________________<br></div><div dir="ltr">Lingtyp mailing list<br></div><div dir="ltr"><a ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">------------------------------<br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">End of Lingtyp Digest, Vol 49, Issue 50<br></div><div dir="ltr">***************************************<br></div></div>
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