<div dir="ltr"><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">*** Apologies for cross-postings ***</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Towards a diachronic typology of
individual person markers</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Theme session proposal for the 13^th
Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology (September 4-6, 2019)</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Convenors: </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Linda Konnerth (Hebrew University
of Jerusalem and University of Oregon)</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Andrea Sansò (Università
dell’Insubria)</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Description</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">While paradigms
of person markers may be innovated and undergo certain diachronic developments
(e.g. loss of distinctions, analogical leveling, etc.), a typologically larger
variety of diachronic changes, possibly of a more universal type </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Bickel et al. 2015)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">, occur in cases of individual person markers. Based on large-scale
approaches such as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Helmbrecht (2004)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"> and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Siewierska (2004)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"> and a number of specific studies, we are now in a position to
tackle the beginnings of a diachronic typology of individual person markers:
which person markers change (or are innovated) how?</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Innovative
person forms may come from the domain of spatial deixis, nominal expressions
including generic nouns, demonstratives, or intensifiers </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Helmbrecht 2004;
Siewierska 2004; Heine and Song 2011)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. It has been relatively well-documented how these sources give rise
to independent pronouns, but we know less about the pathways to bound person
markers (but see cases of spatial deixis, e.g., in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Mithun (1996) and
Konnerth (2015)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">The
above-mentioned sources of person markers are often claimed based solely on the
identity or resemblance of forms. Studies that argue for specific pathways with
diachronic stages are still rare (but see </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Giacalone
Ramat and Sansò (2007); Bickel and Gaenszle (2015))</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. The variety of different types of impersonal source constructions
is of interest, as are entirely different source constructions.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Morphosyntactic,
semantic, or pragmatic properties of the verb or clause type may correlate with
changes of a particular (set of) person markers </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Ariel 1998)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. Within future tense, desiderative modality or other intentionality
constructions, for example, different constructions may develop for first
person (singular) vs. all others </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Helmbrecht 1999:291)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. A diachronic typology of person markers will also need to examine
how the morphosyntactic properties of the resultant person marker relate to the
diachronic development: whether these are dependent vs. independent person
forms or different types of dependent forms; person forms encoding S/A/O/R/T or
subject vs. object; and so on.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Another
type of diachronic development is the shift of one person form to marking a
different person value. This leads us to the question about what constitutes a
change. Extensions in using a person marker or other expression for a different
person value (“non-prototypical usage”) are quite well-documented </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(e.g. Kitagawa and
Lehrer 1990)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. But
case studies of the actual shift of one person form to marking another person
value are very rare </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Lichtenberk 2005;
Helmbrecht 2015)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. Although
the synchronic variation in person forms is a crucial component of a diachronic
typology, the discussion of this variation should remain tied to questions of
ultimate change. That is, e.g., how reconstructed synchronic variation in a
proto-language may have given rise to changes across different daughter
languages, or how changes result in synchronic variation in particular modern
languages, rather than replacing a single person form with a new person form.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">An
emergent question becomes whether certain person forms are innovated more
frequently and through a larger variety of pathways than others, which would lend
these forms a higher diachronic salience. For example, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Heine and Song (2011)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"> suggest that a larger variety of pathways lead to innovative second
person forms than to other forms of personal deixis. At the same time, they
find that the number distinction between <span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">1sg</span>
and <span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">1pl</span> is diachronically more relevant
than that within second person. Besides first and second person, inclusive
forms may turn out to play a crucial role in diachronic developments as they
have a variety of honorific uses and may display syncretisms with other SAP
person forms </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Cysouw 2005a, 2005b)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Sociolinguistic
or sociopragmatic motivations for changes in SAP person markers have been
offered </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Heath
1991, 1998; Bickel, Bisang, and Yādava 1999; DeLancey 2018)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">, in particular also with respect to an elaborate notion of politeness
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Brown and Levinson
1987)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">. In contrast, most
discussion of diachronic developments of third person forms revolves around
overt vs. zero expression, for example evoking principles of iconicity </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">(Koch 1995)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt"> (but see the discussion in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">Bickel et al. (2015)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;text-indent:36pt">).</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Contributions to the theme
session may address questions related to, but not limited to, the following
topics:</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Sources for independent
pronouns, for both independent pronouns and bound person markers, or for bound
person markers only</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Diachronic pathways for the
development of individual person markers based on evidence from a single
language or comparative evidence </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Motivations for these types of
developments</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Differences between
developments that change the paradigmatic system of the particular set of
person forms (introducing, losing, or merging forms) and those that do not </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Morphosyntactic/semantic/pragmatic
properties of the verb or the clause that create the particular context within
which a development occurs</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman"">       
</span></span><span lang="EN-US">Areal or phylogenetic
clustering of particular pathways</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Potential participants are
invited to contact the convenors with an expression of interest, consisting of a
preliminary title and a short (max. 300 words) abstract:</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:linda.konnerth@mail.huji.ac.il">linda.konnerth@mail.huji.ac.il</a></span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:andrea.sanso@uninsubria.it">andrea.sanso@uninsubria.it</a></span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Deadline: 12 November 2018</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Important dates</span></p>

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<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">- Notification of inclusion of title
in the theme session proposal: 15 November 2018.</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">- Notification of acceptance/rejection
of the theme session proposal by the ALT13 organizers: 25 November 2018.</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">- If our proposal is accepted, the
theme session will be included in the final call for papers (end of November
2018).</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">References</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Ariel, Mira. 1998.
“Three Grammaticalization Paths for the Development of Person Verbal Agreement
in Hebrew.” In <i>Discourse and Cognition: Bridging the Gap</i>, edited by
Jean-Pierre Koenig, 93–111. </span><span lang="DE">Stanford: CSLI.</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="DE"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="DE">Bickel, Balthasar, Walter Bisang, and
Yogendra P. Yādava. </span><span lang="EN-US">1999.
“Face vs. Empathy: The Social Foundation of Maithili Verb Agreement.” <i>Linguistics</i>
37 (3): 481–518.</span></p>

<p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Bickel, Balthasar, and Martin Gaenszle. 2015. “First Person
Objects, Antipassives, and the Political History of the Southern Kirant.” <i>Journal
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<p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoBibliographyCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-US">Bickel, Balthasar, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Taras
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