<html><head></head><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139628" dir="ltr"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139668">There is an element used in Urdu, یوں تو /</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139685">yū̃ to/ (lit. like.this-TOPICALIZER) which introduces a sentence and means something like 'as is (well) known'.</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139628" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139628" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140991">Elena Bashir</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139628" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140979">Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139628" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt;">The University of Chicago</span></div><div class="qtdSeparateBR" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139669"><br><br></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139641" style="display: block;"> <div style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139640"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139639"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139682"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139681"> <hr size="1" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141009"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Hartmut Haberland <hartmut@ruc.dk><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Vladimir Panov <panovmeister@gmail.com>; "LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, December 4, 2018 10:16 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [Lingtyp] common background particles<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139638"><br><div id="yiv5137538353"><style>#yiv5137538353 #yiv5137538353 --
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<div style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139635">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;">See</span></div>
<div style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140933">
<span lang="EN-US" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141010">Rie Obe and Hartmut Haberland 2018. [</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140939">Review of] Naomi Ogi (2017), Involvement and Attitude in Japanese Discourse: Interactive
Markers. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="">Nordic Journal of Linguistics</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style=""> 41(1): 117-128</span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140934"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141011">(for Japanese and Scandinavian – minus Icelandic – and references to other languages).</span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140935"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_140936"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;">Hartmut Haberland</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;"><br clear="none">
Professor emeritus</span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139642"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;"><img id="yiv5137538353_x0000_i1025" width="100" height="42" style="width:1.0416in;min-height:.4375in;" src="https://intra.ruc.dk/fileadmin/assets/adm/campusit/ruc.png" alt="RUC" data-id="672493f5-8df5-e68d-cc65-6ccf49275998"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;"><br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
</span><b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141024"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141023">Roskilde University</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.5pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141025"><br clear="none">
Department of Communication and Arts</span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" style="" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139643"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141026">Universitetsvej 1<br clear="none">
DK-4000 Roskilde<br clear="none">
Telephone: +45 46742841<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
</span><span style="color:#1F497D;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_141027"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353yqt0165148399" id="yiv5137538353yqt00430"><div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1543929315345_139644"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Fra:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>På vegne af </b>Vladimir Panov<br clear="none">
<b>Sendt:</b> 4. december 2018 17:03<br clear="none">
<b>Til:</b> LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org<br clear="none">
<b>Emne:</b> [Lingtyp] common background particles</span></div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">Dear collegues,</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">In some languages of Europe (e.g. Russian and German) there are special markers ("particles") that have among their core functions the one of "reminding" the hearer of some common background information that s/he is expected to share with
the speaker.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">Russian:</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">S1: Magazin zakryt.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> shop closed</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> The shop is closed</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">S2: Konečno, segodnia <i>že</i> voskresen'je</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> of.course today PRT Sunday</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> Of course, (you know that) today is Sunday.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">In Russian, <i>že</i> has some other prominent functions as well. A very similar meaning is also provided by the sentence-initial
<i>ved'</i> ("common ground" is its core meaning). For German, the particles <i>ja
</i>and, to a certain extent, <i>doch</i> are often descirbed in similar terms. For both German and Russian, these particles have been extensively studied.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">Markers having this meaning as at least one of the prominent ones are found in many languages the Circum-Baltic region, Eastern and Northern Europe, Finno-Ugric languages of the European part of Russia. However, they seem to be rare or
even absent in Romance languages (but are present in Latin), the rest of West Germanic languages and in the Balkans. Arguably, the overt marking of this meaning may be considered an areal feature of this particular macroregion.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">I would like to ask if anyone is aware of languages beyond Europe that have this type of markers. I am mostly interested in the rest of Eurasia, but not only.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal"> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">Thank you,</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">Vladimir Panov</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv5137538353MsoNormal">(Vilnius University / Russian Academy of Sciences)</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="yqt0165148399" id="yqt54733">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none"></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div></div></body></html>