<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Adam,<div class="">I often avoid the term “relative clause” in talking about Sino-Tibetan languages, because the relevant structure in those languages is often quite unlike the SAE idea of relative clause. In the 2017 book cited in my earlier message, we used the expression “noun-modifying clause constructions” (“clausal noun-modifying constructions" might be better for some). I particularly do not use the term “relativisation” as it implies some sort of transformationalist view of grammar. The function of clausal noun modifiers is either to restrict the identification of the referent referred to (constrain the addressee’s inference of what referent the speaker intends to refer to) or to add extra information about a referent that is already unproblematically identifiable. In English these two functions have very different structural manifestations, but that isn’t true of all languages. I talk about the history of the development of these structures in Sino-Tibetan in several articles, including the two I mentioned.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Randy</div><div class=""><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">-----</span></span><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">（羅</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">仁地</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">）</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">Professor of Linguistics, with courtesy appointment in Chinese, School of Humanities </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">Nanyang Technological University</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">HSS-03-45, 14 Nanyang Drive | Singapore 637332</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""><a href="http://randylapolla.net/" style="color: purple;" class="">http://randylapolla.net/</a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">Most recent books:</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><i class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 2nd Edition (</span></i><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">2017)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""><a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324" style="color: purple;" class="">https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324</a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><i class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">Sino-Tibetan Linguistics </span></i><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class="">(2018)</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; background-color: white;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: white;" class=""><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397" style="color: purple;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class="">https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397</span></a></span></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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<br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 11 Dec 2018, at 10:27 AM, Adam James Ross Tallman <<a href="mailto:ajrtallman@utexas.edu" class="">ajrtallman@utexas.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">what *is* a relative clause anyways? and what exactly is the function of "relativization"?</div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="">On Mon, Dec 10, 2018 at 9:15 PM Adam James Ross Tallman <<a href="mailto:ajrtallman@utexas.edu" class="">ajrtallman@utexas.edu</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">Hey Jesus,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">In Chacobo temporal frame adverbial expressions are coded with a "relativization strategy" that takes a time of day noun and a deictic motion verb. I used to think they were bona fide relative clauses, but its probably better to think of them as clausal nominalizations.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><div class=""><object alt="image.png" width="472" height="136" class="" data="cid:ii_jpj44obi0" type="application/x-apple-msg-attachment"></object><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class=""><object alt="image.png" width="458" height="166" class="" data="cid:ii_jpj44yz91" type="application/x-apple-msg-attachment"></object><br class=""></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">from my grammar on page 757.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Adam</div></div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="">On Mon, Dec 10, 2018 at 8:05 PM Randy J. LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="">Dear Jesús,<div class="">In Sino-Tibetan languages that is the most common pattern. Here are references on Mandarin (Sinitic) and Rawang (Tibeto-Burman) relative clauses, both of which include examples of the type you are looking for:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt;text-align:justify" class=""><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">LaPolla,
Randy J. 2008b. </span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Relative clause structures
in the Rawang language. <i class="">Language and
Linguistics</i> 9.4:797-812.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""><a href="http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/randylapolla/Papers/LaPolla_2008_Relative_Clause_Structures_in_the_Rawang_Language.pdf" target="_blank" class=""><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">www.ntu.edu.sg/home/randylapolla/Papers/LaPolla_2008_Relative_Clause_Structures_in_the_Rawang_Language.pdf</span></a></span> </div><div class=""><br class=""></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(67,67,67)" class="">LaPolla, Randy J. 2017. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Noun-Modifying
Clause Constructions in Sino-Tibetan Languages. In Yoshiko Matsumoto, Bernard
Comrie, & Peter Sells (eds.), <i class="">Noun-Modifying
Clause Constructions in Languages of Eurasia: Reshaping theoretical and
geographical boundaries,</i> 91-103. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins
Pub. Co.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div>
<div class=""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:115%" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" class=""><span style="font-size:11pt" class=""><a href="http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/randylapolla/Papers/LaPolla_2017_Noun-modifying_clause_constructions_in_Sino-Tibetan_languages.pdf" target="_blank" class="">http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/randylapolla/Papers/LaPolla_2017_Noun-modifying_clause_constructions_in_Sino-Tibetan_languages.pdf</a></span></font></span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Hope these are of use to you.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">All the best,</div><div class="">Randy </div><div class=""><div class="">
<div style="letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><div style="letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><div style="letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px" class=""><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px" class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-style-span" style="letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">-----</span></span><div class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><div class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><div style="letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class=""> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">（羅</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:SimSun;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">仁地</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">）</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">Professor of Linguistics, with courtesy appointment in Chinese, School of Humanities </span><span style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">Nanyang Technological University</span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">HSS-03-45, 14 Nanyang Drive | Singapore 637332</span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class=""><a href="http://randylapolla.net/" style="color:purple" target="_blank" class="">http://randylapolla.net/</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">Most recent books:</span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><i class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 2nd Edition (</span></i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">2017)</span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class=""><a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324" style="color:purple" target="_blank" class="">https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><i class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">Sino-Tibetan Linguistics </span></i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class="">(2018)</span><span style="font-size:9pt;background-color:white" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white" class=""><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397" style="color:purple" target="_blank" class=""><span style="color:rgb(149,79,114)" class="">https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397</span></a></span></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-interchange-newline">
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<br class=""><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 11 Dec 2018, at 8:19 AM, <a href="http://microsoft.com/" target="_blank" class="">Microsoft.com</a> Member <<a href="mailto:jesus_olguinmartinez@hotmail.com" target="_blank" class="">jesus_olguinmartinez@hotmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Dear all,</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px;text-align:justify" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">As you know in many languages temporal, locative, and manner adverbial clauses are structurally identical to relative clauses. This structural identity between relative clauses and adverbial clauses is not infrequent. As Thompson et al. (2007: 245) point out adverbial clauses expressing time, location, and manner can commonly be paraphrased, in many languages, “with a relative clause with a generic and relatively semantically empty head noun: time, place, and way/manner, respectively”.</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px;text-align:justify" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">I send you this message because currently I am working on a final paper for a course I am taking that explores “temporal relatives in the world´s languages”, as can be seen in the examples in (1) and (2).</span></p><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Kisi</span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Niger-Congo/Mel; Childs 1995: 287)</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">(1)<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>ŋ̀<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>cò<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>cììkìáŋ,<span class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b class="">lɔ́ɔ́</b><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>ŋ̀<span class=""> </span>cò<span class=""> </span>hùnɔ́ɔ́-<b class="">ó</b>.</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-variant:small-caps" class="">1pl.sbj<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>aux</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>meet<span class=""> </span>time<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">2sg.sbj<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>aux</span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>come-<span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">rel</span></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>ʻWe will see<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>you when you come.ʼ<span class=""> </span></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""><br class=""></span></span></div><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""></span></p><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Araki</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Austronesian/Oceanic: Vanuatu; François 2002: 182)</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">(2)<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>mo<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class=""> </span>vari-a<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>nunu<span class=""> </span></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">3sg.real</span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>take-<span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">3sg</span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>shadow</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>ʻHe took the photo</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><br class=""></span></div><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""></span></p><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><b class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">lo<span class=""> </span>dani</span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span>no-m̈am<span class=""> </span>ta<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>mo<span class=""> </span>pa<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>m̈is<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>m̈audu<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>ro.</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-variant:small-caps" class="">loc</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>day<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps" class=""><a href="http://poss-1exc.pl/" target="_blank" class="">poss-1exc.pl</a></span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>dad<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">3sg.real<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>seq</span><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>still<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>live<span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps" class="">prog</span></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> <span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>at the time our father was still aliveʼ</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class=""></span><br class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px;text-align:justify" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">What I have found so far is that this construction seems to be very frequent in many African (e.g. Eton, Koyra Chiini, Jalkunan, Fongbe, etc) and Oceanic languages (e.g. Daakaka, Toqabaqita, 'Are'are, etc.). I was wondering if you are aware of:</span></p><ol style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:0cm" class=""><li class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:17.12px;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">any paper(s) that has explore this type of construction.</span></li><li class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:17.12px;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">any languages that have this type of construction.</span></li></ol><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><br class=""></font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Any help will be appreciated!</span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:15.6933px" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Best,</span></p><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);display:inline" class="">--<span class=""> </span></span><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small" class=""><div dir="ltr" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:rgb(33,33,33);margin:0px" class=""><font face="AR CENA" class=""><span style="font-size:14.6667px" class="">Jesús Olguín Martínez</span></font></div><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px" class=""><font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2" class=""><span style="font-size:11pt" class=""><font face="AR CENA" class="">Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Linguistics</font></span></font></div><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px" class=""><font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2" class=""><span style="font-size:11pt" class=""><font face="AR CENA" class=""><i class="">University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)</i></font></span></font></div><div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px" class=""><font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2" class=""><span style="font-size:11pt" class=""><font face="AR CENA" class=""><a href="http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jes%C3%BAs-olgu%C3%ADn-mart%C3%ADnez" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank" class="">http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jesús-olguín-martínez</a></font></span></font></div></div></div><br class=""></div><div style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif" class=""><b class="">References</b></span></div><div style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" class="">Childs, G. Tucker. 1995.<span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">A Grammar of Kisi: A Southern Atlantic Language</i>.<span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="">Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</span></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt" class="">François, Alexandre. 2002.<span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit" class="">Araki: A Disappearing Language of Vanuatu</i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt" class="">. (Pacific Linguistics, 522.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;text-align:justify;line-height:normal" class=""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt" class="">Thompson, Sandra, Longacre, Robert & Hwang, Shin. 2007. Adverbial Clauses. In<span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit" class="">Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume I</i><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit" class="">I: Complex Constructions</i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt" class="">, Timothy Shopen (ed.),</span><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit" class=""><span class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail-m_3436413614604914089Apple-converted-space"> </span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt" class="">237-300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span></div></div><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline" class="">Lingtyp mailing list</span><br style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" class=""><a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank" class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>-- <br class=""><div dir="ltr" class="gmail-m_4648047416708675351gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">Adam J.R. Tallman</font><div class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br class=""></font><div class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">PhD, UT Austin</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div><br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>-- <br class=""><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">Adam J.R. Tallman</font><div class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br class=""></font><div class=""><font face="monospace, monospace" class="">PhD, UT Austin</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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