<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">There are three ways of forming verbal diminutives in Nuuchahnulth (nuk), depending somewhat on dialect: the suffix -ck̓in, of unknown origin, and the suffix -t̓ana, which is mostly used in the northern dialects and is transparently derived from the word for child t̓an̓a. The meanings are identical as far as I know, with one form being swapped for the other as you go dialect to dialect.</font><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The diminutive can refer to doing something a little bit:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">haʔuk - 'eat'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">haʔukck̓in - 'eat a little bit'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline">mataa - 'fly'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">mataat̓ana - 'fly a little bit' (above something)</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">It can also refer to doing something for a small amount of time:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">šiiƛuk - 'move house'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">šiiƛukck̓in - 'move for a little while' <br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">And it can refer to extent:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">hayumḥi - 'not know/forget'<br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">hayumḥit̓ana - 'forget a little bit/not remember fully'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">kʷiisḥin - 'be different'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">kʷiisḥint̓ana - 'be a little different'<br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">As is somewhat typical for Nuuchahnulth, these are not verbal-only suffixes. I think(?) they go on all predicates, which includes nouns and adjectives, and possibly adverbs though that appears less productive:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Adj: ʔiiḥ - 'big'<br>ʔiiḥck̓in - ’a little big’</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">ʔiiḥt̓ana - 'a little big'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Adj: wiwišʕaqƛ - 'unmotivated'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">wiwišʕaqƛck̓in - 'a little unmotivated'<br><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Noun: t̓an̓eʔis - ‘small child’<br>t̓an̓eʔisck̓in - ‘really young child’<br>(NB: t̓an̓eʔis is t̓an̓a 'child' + nominal diminutive =ʔis but must now be relexicalized as a single word as there is a following suffix)</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Adv: ƛaḥ - 'now'</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">ƛaḥck̓in - 'recent past'<br clear="all"></font><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">David Inman</font></div><div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">PhD Candidate</font></div><div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">University of Washington Linguistics</font></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Fri, Dec 14, 2018 at 7:39 PM Maia Ponsonnet <<a href="mailto:maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au">maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Dear Eva, </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Marine Vuillermet and I have just edited a special issue of
<i>Studies in Language </i>on "Morphology and emotions across the world's languages" (42:1, 2018), and there's a fair bit in there on verbal diminutives.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Here are links to the table of contents and to the intro</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk859639" target="_blank">https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1</a></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk88858" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SFwHidharB2DC6fWNhOyeuWsp-x_v06Q/view?usp=sharing" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk824447" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SFwHidharB2DC6fWNhOyeuWsp-x_v06Q/view?usp=sharing</a></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">You will find discussions of verbal diminutives in Nemeth & Sores's paper but also in practically all the papers that deal with diminutives (eg Guillaume p. 122-123, Rose, Taine-Cheikh, Vanhove; see intro). </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Here's also a link to the typology of emotional values of diminutives and augmentatives (first article in the issue): </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zbMY9i7wkg5oyY_CBQjxZSSmlmIlChgl/view?usp=sharing" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk219025" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zbMY9i7wkg5oyY_CBQjxZSSmlmIlChgl/view?usp=sharing</a><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Finally, you can find discussions of verbal diminutives in Dalabon (Gunwinyguan, non-Pama-nyungan, Australia) in: </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Ponsonnet, Maïa and Nicholas Evans.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">2015.
</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Dalabon,
<i>in</i> Grandi N. and Kortvelyessy L. <i>eds.</i>, <i>The Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology</i>, 401-407. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. </span><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B1NfWSLfn1gFcWl4ZEdEcVc3N0E" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk652387" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B1NfWSLfn1gFcWl4ZEdEcVc3N0E</a><br>
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-size:12pt">With a more detailed version in Chapter 4 (p. 81ff) of</span><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin:0cm 0cm 2pt 39.7pt;text-align:justify;line-height:110%">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:110%">Ponsonnet, Maïa. 2014.
</span><i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:110%">The language of emotions: The case of Dalabon (Australia)</span></i><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:110%">.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:110%">Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Collection Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts.
</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:110%">466 p.</span></p>
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B1NfWSLfn1gFZFNMMTJ0TTZtUEE" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk890827" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B1NfWSLfn1gFZFNMMTJ0TTZtUEE</a><br>
<p></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">I'm happy to send more PDFs etc. if needed. </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Kind regards, </p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Maïa</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
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<p></p>
<p style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:16px">
<span style="font-size:small">Dr Maïa Ponsonnet</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">Senior Lecturer in Linguistics</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Fellow</span></p>
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<div id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Lier, Eva van <<a href="mailto:E.H.vanLier@uva.nl" target="_blank">E.H.vanLier@uva.nl</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, 14 December 2018 8:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] query: verbal diminutives</font>
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<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Dear colleagues,</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">We are looking for examples and literature on verbal diminutives in and across languages.</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Currently, we have some information on verbal diminutives in various languages. Some examples include: German
<i>hüsteln </i>(‘to cough lightly’), Italian <i>dormicchiare </i>(‘to doze’), Croatian
<i>grickati </i>(‘to nibble’), Czech <i>tr</i><i>̌epotat </i>(‘to flutter’),<i> </i>
Slovene <i>igri</i><i>čkati</i> (‘to play around’), Russian <i>xaxan’kat </i>(‘to giggle’), Finnish
<i>luk-ais-e </i>(‘skim through (a text)’ < <i>luk- </i>‘read’), San’ani Arabic <i>
tSaynai </i>(‘to pretend not to hear’ < <i>Saanaj </i>‘to not hear’), Hebrew <i>kifcec
</i>(‘to jump around < <i>kafac </i>‘to jump’), Passamaquoddy <i>ə̆p</i><i>ə-ss-</i><i>ìn
</i>(sit-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dim-animate.intransitive.2</span> < ‘sit down, little one!’), Huave
<i>jujyuij </i>(‘to shake gently’), and Lardil<span style="color:black"> <i>laala</i> (‘to jab lightly’ <
<i>latha</i> ‘to spear’).</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">These examples show that the morphological patterns that we subsume under “verbal diminutives” fulfill a number of semantic functions, such as iterative/frequentative/durative, low intensity, distributivity, and attenuation. These functions
may extend (pragmatically) to playfulness, tentativeness, pretense/irrealis/fictiveness, trivialization, aimlessness, affection/intimacy, and contempt/pejorativeness. In some cases (see Passamaquoddy above), verbal diminutive marking implies that an event
participant is a child or an otherwise small entity.</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Also, verbal diminutives can be expressed by various morphological means, including affixation, reduplication, and non-concatenative morphology. In some cases, the verbal diminutive markers are related to nominal diminutives; in other
cases, they seem to have different origins, such as spatial markers. The productivity of verbal diminutive formation apparently differs between languages.</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">We would be grateful for any references and/or examples of verbal diminutives in the language(s) of your expertise, including their semantics/pragmatics, formation, (diachronic) origin, productivity and usage frequency.</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">We will post a summary.</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Many thanks in advance!</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL">Eva van Lier, Jenny Audring, Sterre Leufkens</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Eva van Lier, PhD</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal">Department of Linguistics<br>
University of Amsterdam</p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier" id="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508LPlnk319387" class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508OWAAutoLink" target="_blank">www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier</a></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL">P.C.Hoofthuis, kamer 6.45<br>
Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-8478065690245253508x_MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
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