<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div><div>Hi,<br><br></div>In Kalamang (kgv) verbal diminutives are formed with a prefix ko-. I have the following examples in my corpus:<br><br></div>ko-welenggap = DIM-be.green = be a little bit green, be of a colour close to green (but not quite)<br></div>ko-cicaun = DIM-be.small = be a little bit small, be quite small<br></div>ko-temun = DIM-be.big = be a little bit big, be quite big<br></div>ko-kaling = DIM-be.at.angle = be a little bit an angle<br><br>I am not (yet) aware of pragmatical extensions. This is not very frequent and not very productive, and only seems possible with static verbs that express meanings that are part of an adjectives class in other languages. As for the origin, I don't know. The prefix is homonymous with an applicative-like marker, but a diachronic connection there doesn't make much sense semantically I guess.<br><br>Eline<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">Op vr 14 dec. 2018 om 18:04 schreef <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Send Lingtyp mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. query: verbal diminutives (Lier, Eva van)<br>
2. Re: query: verbal diminutives (Dmitry Nikolaev)<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Fri, 14 Dec 2018 12:34:18 +0000<br>
From: "Lier, Eva van" <<a href="mailto:E.H.vanLier@uva.nl" target="_blank">E.H.vanLier@uva.nl</a>><br>
To: "<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>"<br>
<<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
Subject: [Lingtyp] query: verbal diminutives<br>
Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:63b22270770f44c0a38de514e968ca62@uva.nl" target="_blank">63b22270770f44c0a38de514e968ca62@uva.nl</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
<br>
Dear colleagues,<br>
<br>
We are looking for examples and literature on verbal diminutives in and across languages.<br>
<br>
Currently, we have some information on verbal diminutives in various languages. Some examples include: German hüsteln (‘to cough lightly’), Italian dormicchiare (‘to doze’), Croatian grickati (‘to nibble’), Czech třepotat (‘to flutter’), Slovene igričkati (‘to play around’), Russian xaxan’kat (‘to giggle’), Finnish luk-ais-e (‘skim through (a text)’ < luk- ‘read’), San’ani Arabic tSaynai (‘to pretend not to hear’ < Saanaj ‘to not hear’), Hebrew kifcec (‘to jump around < kafac ‘to jump’), Passamaquoddy ə̆pə-ss-ìn (sit-dim-animate.intransitive.2 < ‘sit down, little one!’), Huave jujyuij (‘to shake gently’), and Lardil laala (‘to jab lightly’ < latha ‘to spear’).<br>
<br>
These examples show that the morphological patterns that we subsume under “verbal diminutives” fulfill a number of semantic functions, such as iterative/frequentative/durative, low intensity, distributivity, and attenuation. These functions may extend (pragmatically) to playfulness, tentativeness, pretense/irrealis/fictiveness, trivialization, aimlessness, affection/intimacy, and contempt/pejorativeness. In some cases (see Passamaquoddy above), verbal diminutive marking implies that an event participant is a child or an otherwise small entity.<br>
<br>
Also, verbal diminutives can be expressed by various morphological means, including affixation, reduplication, and non-concatenative morphology. In some cases, the verbal diminutive markers are related to nominal diminutives; in other cases, they seem to have different origins, such as spatial markers. The productivity of verbal diminutive formation apparently differs between languages.<br>
<br>
We would be grateful for any references and/or examples of verbal diminutives in the language(s) of your expertise, including their semantics/pragmatics, formation, (diachronic) origin, productivity and usage frequency.<br>
<br>
We will post a summary.<br>
<br>
Many thanks in advance!<br>
<br>
Eva van Lier, Jenny Audring, Sterre Leufkens<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Eva van Lier, PhD<br>
Department of Linguistics<br>
University of Amsterdam<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier</a><<a href="http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier</a>><br>
<br>
P.C.Hoofthuis, kamer 6.45<br>
Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam<br>
<br>
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Message: 2<br>
Date: Fri, 14 Dec 2018 17:59:08 +0200<br>
From: Dmitry Nikolaev <<a href="mailto:dsnikolaev@gmail.com" target="_blank">dsnikolaev@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: "<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>"<br>
<<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] query: verbal diminutives<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<CAHMCzMAgaDoZ=<a href="mailto:azEQBybQqcxKeSTZaY3s2F_S3wdAvabdjrMOg@mail.gmail.com" target="_blank">azEQBybQqcxKeSTZaY3s2F_S3wdAvabdjrMOg@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
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<br>
A minor correction.<br>
<br>
> Some examples include: German *hüsteln *(‘to cough lightly’), Italian<br>
*dormicchiare *(‘to doze’), Croatian *grickati *(‘to nibble’), Czech *tr*<br>
*̌epotat *(‘to flutter’), Slovene *igri**čkati* (‘to play around’), Russian<br>
*xaxan’kat *(‘to giggle’)...<br>
<br>
This is not standard Russian. I do not know this word, and the only example<br>
I found in the corpus is from a novel depicting the speech of some highly<br>
divergent northern dialect. The usual Russian verb for this meaning is<br>
*xixikat**’.*<br>
<br>
On Fri, 14 Dec 2018 at 14:34, Lier, Eva van <<a href="mailto:E.H.vanLier@uva.nl" target="_blank">E.H.vanLier@uva.nl</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> Dear colleagues,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> We are looking for examples and literature on verbal diminutives in and<br>
> across languages.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Currently, we have some information on verbal diminutives in various<br>
> languages. Some examples include: German *hüsteln *(‘to cough lightly’),<br>
> Italian *dormicchiare *(‘to doze’), Croatian *grickati *(‘to nibble’),<br>
> Czech *tr**̌epotat *(‘to flutter’), Slovene *igri**čkati* (‘to play<br>
> around’), Russian *xaxan’kat *(‘to giggle’), Finnish *luk-ais-e *(‘skim<br>
> through (a text)’ < *luk- *‘read’), San’ani Arabic * tSaynai *(‘to<br>
> pretend not to hear’ < *Saanaj *‘to not hear’), Hebrew *kifcec *(‘to jump<br>
> around < *kafac *‘to jump’), Passamaquoddy *ə̆p**ə-ss-**ìn *(sit-<br>
> dim-animate.intransitive.2 < ‘sit down, little one!’), Huave *jujyuij *(‘to<br>
> shake gently’), and Lardil *laala* (‘to jab lightly’ < *latha* ‘to<br>
> spear’).<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> These examples show that the morphological patterns that we subsume under<br>
> “verbal diminutives” fulfill a number of semantic functions, such as<br>
> iterative/frequentative/durative, low intensity, distributivity, and<br>
> attenuation. These functions may extend (pragmatically) to playfulness,<br>
> tentativeness, pretense/irrealis/fictiveness, trivialization, aimlessness,<br>
> affection/intimacy, and contempt/pejorativeness. In some cases (see<br>
> Passamaquoddy above), verbal diminutive marking implies that an event<br>
> participant is a child or an otherwise small entity.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Also, verbal diminutives can be expressed by various morphological means,<br>
> including affixation, reduplication, and non-concatenative morphology. In<br>
> some cases, the verbal diminutive markers are related to nominal<br>
> diminutives; in other cases, they seem to have different origins, such as<br>
> spatial markers. The productivity of verbal diminutive formation apparently<br>
> differs between languages.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> We would be grateful for any references and/or examples of verbal<br>
> diminutives in the language(s) of your expertise, including their<br>
> semantics/pragmatics, formation, (diachronic) origin, productivity and<br>
> usage frequency.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> We will post a summary.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Many thanks in advance!<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Eva van Lier, Jenny Audring, Sterre Leufkens<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Eva van Lier, PhD<br>
><br>
> Department of Linguistics<br>
> University of Amsterdam<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> <a href="http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier</a><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> P.C.Hoofthuis, kamer 6.45<br>
> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam<br>
><br>
><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
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</blockquote></div></div>