<div dir="ltr">
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Dear
Eva,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Given that
your description of “verbal diminutives” includes the means of reduplication and
the meaning of tentativeness, reduplicated forms of Mandarin verbs like those
in (1-2) can be said to be relevant too (I have glossed <i>tā</i>, which can mean ‘he, she, it’ in spoken Mandarin, by conforming
to the character-version of the examples). </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Chao (1968: 204) in fact calls this verb reduplication the “tentative
aspect” of verbs, though Li & Thompson (1981: 232) term it the
“delimitative aspect.” <span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">(1) <span> </span>a. <span> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:宋体">我可以<b>试试</b>。</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span> </span>Wǒ
<span> </span><span> </span>kěyǐ
<span> </span><b>shìshì</b>.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>I<span> </span><span> </span>can/may<span> </span>try<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>‘I can give it a try.’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>b. <span> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:宋体">你可以去<b>问问</b>经理。</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Nǐ<span>
</span><span> </span>kěyǐ <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>qù <span> </span><b>wènwèn</b> <span></span>jīnglǐ.
<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>you<span> </span>can/may<span> </span>go<span> </span><span> </span>ask<span> </span>manager<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>‘You can go ask the manager.’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">(2) <span> </span>a. <span> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:宋体">他应该<b>整理整理</b>自己的书架。</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Tā <span> </span>yīnggāi
<span> </span><b>zhěnglǐzhěnglǐ</b>
<span> </span><span> </span>zìjǐ-de
<span> </span>shūjià. <span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>he<span> </span><span> </span>should<span> </span><span> </span>tidy<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>self-Modifier.Marker<span> </span><span> </span>bookshelf
<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>‘He should tidy his bookshelf.’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>b. <span> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:宋体">她应该<b>打扫打扫</b>自己的房间。</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Tā <span> </span>yīnggāi
<span> </span><span> </span><b>dǎsǎodǎsǎo</b> <span> </span><span> </span>zìjǐ-de <span> </span>fángjiān. <span> </span><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>she<span> </span><span> </span>should<span> </span><span> </span>sweep<span> </span><span> </span>self-Modifier.Marker<span> </span>room<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>‘She should sweep her room.’ <span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 27pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. <i>A Grammar of Spoken
Chinese</i>. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. <br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 27pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><br><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 27pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. <i>Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar</i>.
Berkeley: University of California Press. <span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Best
wishes,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">Chao<span></span></span></p>
</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Sat, Dec 15, 2018 at 8:54 AM Elena Skribnik <<a href="mailto:skribnik@lmu.de">skribnik@lmu.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<p>Dear Eva,<br>
</p>
<p>yes, Russian also has diminutive forms for addressing babies at
least for 'sleep' (спать > спатиньки) and 'eat' (кушать >
кушенькать).</p>
<p>But actually I would like to add (North) Mansi (known also as
Vogul, <Ob-Ugric <Finno-Ugric) to your list. It has two
diminutives: -kwe (positive) and -ris<b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-c0d4cfe1-7fff-f72f-1839-dfc88dfab218"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"></span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">j</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"></span></b>
(slightly pejorative): <b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-404c3048-7fff-f45e-97c7-88ecc9b11277"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">ɑːɣi </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘girl, daughter’</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> > </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">ɑːɣi-kwe </span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-404c3048-7fff-f45e-97c7-88ecc9b11277"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘dear/little girl/daughter’, </span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-7fc7b985-7fff-c692-e70f-1cea352af076"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">piɣ </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘boy, son’ </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> > </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">piɣ-risʲ </span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-7fc7b985-7fff-c692-e70f-1cea352af076"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘(little) boy</span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-7fc7b985-7fff-c692-e70f-1cea352af076"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-404c3048-7fff-f45e-97c7-88ecc9b11277"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">’</span></b>, </span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-ca2cefa3-7fff-6921-ecda-1f24eea603cb"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">xum </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘man’</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> → </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">xum-ri</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">sʲ ‘weak, sickly man’. Both suffixes are also used with verbs to express positive emotional attitude, in case of </span></b><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-ca2cefa3-7fff-6921-ecda-1f24eea603cb"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-7fc7b985-7fff-c692-e70f-1cea352af076"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-risʲ </span></b>with a shade of pity:</span></b></p>
<p><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-c0d4cfe1-7fff-f72f-1839-dfc88dfab218">
</b></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:36pt"><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-c0d4cfe1-7fff-f72f-1839-dfc88dfab218"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">sɑːw</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">x</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-c0d4cfe1-7fff-f72f-1839-dfc88dfab218"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">ɑ</span></b>ːl</span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">j</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-ke-m</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">puŋk</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> pin-imɑ</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">l</span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">j</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">uːl</span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">j</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-i-k</span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">e-t</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span></b></p><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-m_1115708633980186689docs-internal-guid-c0d4cfe1-7fff-f72f-1839-dfc88dfab218">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">many</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">birch-</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="http://dim-poss.sg" target="_blank">dim-poss.sg</a><1sg</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">head</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> bow-</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">cvb</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">stand-</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">prs-dim-3pl</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> ‘Many lovely birches (of mine) stand bending their heads (and I like it).’</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">
</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">ɑkweːkw,</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">wɑːɣ-tɑːl</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> pɑt-əm-ris</span><span style="font-size:7.2pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap">j</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-ən</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">grandmother</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">strength-</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">der</span><span style="font-size:6.9pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:sub;white-space:pre-wrap">caritive</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">become-</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">mir.pst-dim-2sg</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘Grandmother, poor you became tired!’</span></p>
</b><p></p>
<p>Best regards, Elena</p>
<p><br class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689Apple-interchange-newline">
</p>
<div class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689moz-cite-prefix">Am 15.12.18 um 12:38 schrieb Moshe
Taube:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">One should also mention the diminutive forms of the
infinitive 'sleep' in Ukrainian, спати, when addressing small
children, e.g. спатки, спатоньки, спаточки, спатусі, спатуні,
спатунечки, спатусічки. There are similar forms in other Slavic
Languages. This has given <i>shlofinken</i> in Yiddish, dim. of
<i>shlofn.</i>
<div><i><br>
</i></div>
<div>Moshe</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr">On Sat, Dec 15, 2018 at 11:57 AM Geoffrey Khan
<<a href="mailto:gk101@cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">gk101@cam.ac.uk</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<p>Dear Eva,</p>
<p> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191cam2CxSpFirst"><span>In
some Neo-Aramaic dialects (Semitic) diminutives of verbs
can be expressed through a type of sound symbolism by
raising the pitch, e.g. ˁzaqzəq ‘to shiver (whole body)’
[flat, pharyngealized, low F2) vs. zaqzəq ‘to throb
(e.g. finger)’ [plain, higher F2]. See:</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191cam2CxSpMiddle"><span lang="X-NONE"> Khan, Geoffrey. 2016. <i>The Neo-Aramaic
Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi</i>. 4
vols. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 86.
Leiden-Boston: Brill, vol. 1, p.180.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191cam2CxSpMiddle"><span> Best
wishes,</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191cam2CxSpLast"><span>Geoffrey
Khan<span dir="RTL" lang="HE"></span></span></p>
<div class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191moz-cite-prefix">On
14/12/2018 12:34, Lier, Eva van wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear colleagues,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We are looking for examples and
literature on verbal diminutives in and across
languages.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Currently, we have some information
on verbal diminutives in various languages. Some
examples include: German <i>hüsteln </i>(‘to cough
lightly’), Italian <i>dormicchiare </i>(‘to doze’),
Croatian <i>grickati </i>(‘to nibble’), Czech <i>tr</i><i>̌epotat
</i>(‘to flutter’),<i> </i> Slovene <i>igri</i><i>čkati</i>
(‘to play around’), Russian <i>xaxan’kat </i>(‘to
giggle’), Finnish <i>luk-ais-e </i>(‘skim through (a
text)’ < <i>luk- </i>‘read’), San’ani Arabic <i>
tSaynai </i>(‘to pretend not to hear’ < <i>Saanaj
</i>‘to not hear’), Hebrew <i>kifcec </i>(‘to jump
around < <i>kafac </i>‘to jump’), Passamaquoddy <i>ə̆p</i><i>ə-ss-</i><i>ìn
</i>(sit-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dim-animate.intransitive.2</span>
< ‘sit down, little one!’), Huave <i>jujyuij </i>(‘to
shake gently’), and Lardil<span style="color:black"> <i>laala</i> (‘to
jab lightly’ < <i>latha</i> ‘to spear’).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">These examples show that the
morphological patterns that we subsume under “verbal
diminutives” fulfill a number of semantic functions,
such as iterative/frequentative/durative, low
intensity, distributivity, and attenuation. These
functions may extend (pragmatically) to playfulness,
tentativeness, pretense/irrealis/fictiveness,
trivialization, aimlessness, affection/intimacy, and
contempt/pejorativeness. In some cases (see
Passamaquoddy above), verbal diminutive marking
implies that an event participant is a child or an
otherwise small entity.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Also, verbal diminutives can be
expressed by various morphological means, including
affixation, reduplication, and non-concatenative
morphology. In some cases, the verbal diminutive
markers are related to nominal diminutives; in other
cases, they seem to have different origins, such as
spatial markers. The productivity of verbal diminutive
formation apparently differs between languages.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We would be grateful for any
references and/or examples of verbal diminutives in
the language(s) of your expertise, including their
semantics/pragmatics, formation, (diachronic) origin,
productivity and usage frequency.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We will post a summary.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Many thanks in advance!</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL">Eva van Lier, Jenny
Audring, Sterre Leufkens</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Eva van Lier, PhD</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Department of Linguistics<br>
University of Amsterdam</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier" target="_blank">www.uva.nl/profiel/e.h.vanlier</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL">P.C.Hoofthuis,
kamer 6.45<br>
Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>
</div>
<br>
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</blockquote>
<pre class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail-m_3319815235683860191moz-signature" cols="72">--
Geoffrey Khan
Regius Professor of Hebrew
University of Cambridge
Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
Sidgwick Avenue
Cambridge CB3 9DA
UK</pre>
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<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail-m_1115708633980186689gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Professor Moshe Taube (Emeritus)
<div>Tamara and Saveli Grinberg Chair in Russian
Studies</div>
<div>Department of Linguistics / Department of Russian</div>
<div>and East-European Studies</div>
<div>The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</div>
<div>Mt. Scopus 91905 Israel</div>
</div>
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