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<p>Hi,<br>
<br>
Hasn't anybody mentioned Finnish?<br>
<br>
There are the alternatives with a canonical (a) and a non-canonical (b) subject:<br>
<br>
<span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">'we/Jussi succeeded in everything'</span><br style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br>
(a) me/Jussi onnistuimme/onnistui kaike-ssa<br>
1PL/Jussi succeed.PST.1PL/3SG all-INES<br>
<br>
(b) mei-lle/Jussi-lle onnistui kaikki<br>
<span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> 1PL/Jussi-ALL succeed.PST.3SG all</span><br style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br>
In the <span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">corresponding</span> construction with a verbal complement the non-canonicial subject is in the genitive:<br>
<br>
<span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">'we succeeded in doing it'</span><br>
<br>
(a) me onnistu-i-mme teke-mä-än se-n<br>
1PL succeed-PST-1PL do-3INF-ILL it-GEN(ACC)<br>
<br>
(b) meidä-n onnistu-i teh-dä se<br>
we-GEN succeed-PST do-INF it<br>
<br>
Happy new year and success to all,<br>
<br>
Hannu<br>
<br>
Quoting Jussi Ylikoski <<a href="mailto:jussi.ylikoski@oulu.fi">jussi.ylikoski@oulu.fi</a>>:</p>
<blockquote style="border-left:2px solid blue;margin-left:2px;padding-left:12px;" type="cite">
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<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Dear all,</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Here is a non-IE example from North Saami (Uralic), disregarding the probable influence from its Scandinavian neighbors. ILL stands for the illative, the case for Direction and Recipient, which could be (and earlier has been) labeled "dative" as well:</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>Midjiide/Johanii <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>lihkostuvai <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>buot.</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>1PL.ILL/Johan.ILL <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>succeed.PST.3SG all</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>'We/Johan succeeded in everything.'</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>(cf. Norwegian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Alt lykkes for oss/Johan</i>.)</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Unlike in Scandinavian, a dummy subject usually does not occur:</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>Midjiide/Johanii <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ii <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>lihkostuvvan <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>oažžut <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>oktavuođa <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>duinna.</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>1PL.ILL/Johan.ILL <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NEG.3SG succeed.PST.PTCP get.INF contact.ACC 2SG.ACC</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>'We/Johan didn't succeed in contacting you.'</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>(cf. Norwegian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Det lyktes ikke for oss/Johan å ta kontakt med deg</i>.)</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Best regards,</span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p style='line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>Jussi</span></p>
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</blockquote>
<p><br></p>
<div>Hannu Tommola<br>
Professor emer. of Russian Language (Translation Theory and Practice)<br>
School of Language, Translation and Literary Studies<br>
FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland</div>
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