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    The omission of spatial goal (and location) markers with place names
    and other nouns used typically in spatial function is very
    widespread in the world's languages.<br>
    <br>
    Until recently, there was no term for this phenomenon, but I now
    call it "differential place marking" (inspired especially by Stolz
    et al.'s 2017 paper mentioned by Grev Corbett, and by Jonathan
    Schlossberg's 2017 ALT talk on "local nouns" and the differential
    marking of place).<br>
    <br>
    In my forthcoming paper "Differential place marking and differential
    object marking" (to appear in LTU/STUF; available on Academia.edu),
    I highlight the similarities with other kinds of differential
    marking:<br>
    <br>
    It seems that in many (or most) languages that allow unflagged
    spatial goals (and/or locations), these occur especially or
    exclusively with "typical place nouns", most notably place names.
    The reason is nicely expressed by Karatsareas & Georgakopoulos
    in their 2016 paper (cited by <span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Ponrawee
      Prasertsom):</span><br>
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          <p><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family:
              'AdvOT4e5fbc10'">"The omission of </span><span
              style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family:
              'AdvOT2df93c3e.I'">[the goal preposition] "se" </span><span
              style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family:
              'AdvOT4e5fbc10'">therefore seems to be the preferred
              option in motion
              event utterances in which the Ground-encoding expressions
              display high
              degrees of informativity, and also possibly redundancy"
              (p. 326)<br>
            </span></p>
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    <title></title>
    So when the place meaning is particularly easy to infer on the basis
    of the ground noun's usual use, a goal marker need not be used, in
    many languages.<br>
    <br>
    But <span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Ponrawee's question was
      about the diachrony, and it seems that in Greek, we do indeed see
      the *loss* of "se". But as David Gil pointed out, differential
      place marking may come about through the</span> differential
    introduction of a marker where needed. And in many cases, the
    differential-marking situation may be very old – for example,
    Ancient Greek not only had "eis Athenan" (to Athens), but also a
    prepositionless construction ("Athenaze") which may have survived in
    some way into Modern Greek. And how sure are we that the zero goal
    patterns of Northwest British English are not old?<br>
    <br>
    Thus, it seems to me that the cross-linguistic distribution (and its
    functional motivation) is clearer than the diachronic origin of this
    pattern.<br>
    <br>
    Martin<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12.01.19 11:53, Vladimir Panov
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CALeR4d6+Rj64TH6QFN6mjd=hv9wywPX2VqGgqkS57rvVmh4xzw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
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          <div>Dear Ponrawee,</div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          actually, not only in Asia Minor, but also in colloquial
          standard Modern Greek goal and location markers are often
          dropped, e.g.
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>ime athina / pao athina</div>
          <div>cop.1sg athens / go-1sg athens</div>
          <div>'I am in Athens' / 'I am going to Athens'</div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Concerning Viktor Friedman's comment on Macedonian, it
            makes sense to test if it might be a Balkan areal feature.</div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Vladimir</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr">пт, 11 янв. 2019 г. в 20:53, Ponrawee Prasertsom
          <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:ponrawee.pra@gmail.com">ponrawee.pra@gmail.com</a>>:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div dir="ltr">Dear all,
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>I am looking for languages where goal markers
                    (case affixes, prepositions, etc. corresponding to
                    English <i>to</i>) developed into zero, i.e. are
                    lost. That is, from something like <i>I go to
                      school </i>to <i>I go school. </i>Does anyone
                    know of such cases?</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Currently, I am aware of only one such case: goal
                    preposition loss on Asia Minor Greek (Karatsareas
                    and Georgakopoulos 2016), which reconstructs history
                    from variation among dialects (se > se/<span
                      style="color:rgb(84,84,84);font-family:arial,sans-serif">∅
                      > </span><span
                      style="color:rgb(84,84,84);font-family:arial,sans-serif">∅).</span></div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Ideally, I would like cases with attested
                    historical data, but reconstruction or any other
                    relevant data such as ongoing change etc. is also
                    welcome. </div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Reference:</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Karatsareas, Petros and Thanasis Georgakopoulos.
                    2016. From syntagmatic to paradigmatic spatial
                    zeroes: The loss of the preposition se in inner Asia
                    Minor Greek. STUF - Language Typology and
                    Universals, 69(2), 309-340.<br>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>Yours sincerely,</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    -- <br>
                    <div dir="ltr"
                      class="gmail-m_-6296927625892036930gmail_signature">
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Ponrawee
                            Prasertsom</span><br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Graduate Student</div>
                        <div>Department of Linguistics</div>
                        <div><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Faculty
                            of Arts, </span>Chulalongkorn University</div>
                        <div>Bangkok, Thailand</div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
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    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10   
D-07745 Jena  
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik 
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig    





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