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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Dear Ponrawee,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">I have been
conducting, for the last several years, an experimental
cross-linguistic study
of zero-marking options for various thematic roles, of which
goal, referred to
in this query, is just one — see references below for some
preliminary results.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The
findings so far suggest that the
zero-marking option is much more widespread cross-linguistically
than is commonly
acknowledged.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">I would,
however, question the use of the term "loss" to describe the
phenomenon of zero marking.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While
this
may indeed be appropriate in some cases, in most cases,
zero-marking represents
a default option, to which additional flagging elements may be
added if and where
deemed necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Viewing
this in terms
of "loss" is Eurocentric.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><br>
<br>
Supporting this, in many cases, one finds a path of
grammaticalization leading
from a zero-marked goal construction to one in which the verb
"go"
becomes reanalized as an allative marker.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>For example, in most varieties of Malay/Indonesian,
"pergi"
('go') usually takes a zero-marked goal, as in (1); however, in
some varieties,
its cognate form is reanalized as an allative marker, as in (2)
— its allative
function being evidenced by its occurrence in constructions such
as (3):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">(1) Riau
Indonesian</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
pergi pasar </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
go market</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">(2) Sabah Malay
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
pi pasar</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
go/to market</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">(3) Sabah
Malay</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
bawa durian pi pasar</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Ali
bring durian to market</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">So in
Malay/Indonesian, then, it is an allative marker that develops
out of a prior zero-marked
goal. (I suspect you might find a similar path of
grammaticalization also in Mainland Southeast Asian languages.)<br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan
lines-together"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"
lang="EN-US">Gil, David
(2008) "How Complex Are Isolating Languages?" in M. Miestamo, K.
Sinnemäki and F. Karlsson, eds., <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Language
Complexity: Typology, Contact, Change,</i> John Benjamins,
Amsterdam, 109-131.</span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT"
style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"
lang="EN-US">Gil, David
(2015) "The Mekong-Mamberamo Linguistic Area", in N.J. Enfield
and B.
Comrie eds., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Languages of
Mainland
Southeast Asia, The State of the Art</i>, Pacific Linguistics,
DeGruyter
Mouton, Berlin, 266-355.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT"
style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"
lang="EN-US">For
Gil (2015) see section 2.16 on Optional Thematic-Role Flagging,
where the
following table is provided showing the availability of "bare
oblique" constructions (including but not limited to zero-marked
goals) in some languages of the Mekong-Mamberamo area:</span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT"
style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Language Availability of
Bare Oblique Constructions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Cantonese 42%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Vietnamese 67%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Lao 54%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Muarasiberut Mentawai 75%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Sundanese 76%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Jakarta Indonesian 68%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Nage 79%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Roon 59%</span></p>
<p class="ReferencesT"
style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin" lang="EN-US">Meyah 66%</span></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/01/2019 03:52, Ponrawee
Prasertsom wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CABD22v9kubSJ3bM8Z=UMzve7DWs3t01iJRSrD2dpy=kCQi_U1g@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">Dear all,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I am looking for languages where goal markers (case
affixes, prepositions, etc. corresponding to English <i>to</i>)
developed into zero, i.e. are lost. That is, from
something like <i>I go to school </i>to <i>I go
school. </i>Does anyone know of such cases?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Currently, I am aware of only one such case: goal
preposition loss on Asia Minor Greek (Karatsareas and
Georgakopoulos 2016), which reconstructs history from
variation among dialects (se > se/<span
style="color:rgb(84,84,84);font-family:arial,sans-serif">∅
> </span><span
style="color:rgb(84,84,84);font-family:arial,sans-serif">∅).</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Ideally, I would like cases with attested historical
data, but reconstruction or any other relevant data such
as ongoing change etc. is also welcome. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Reference:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Karatsareas, Petros and Thanasis Georgakopoulos.
2016. From syntagmatic to paradigmatic spatial zeroes:
The loss of the preposition se in inner Asia Minor
Greek. STUF - Language Typology and Universals, 69(2),
309-340.<br>
</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Yours sincerely,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Ponrawee
Prasertsom</span><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Graduate Student</div>
<div>Department of Linguistics</div>
<div><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px">Faculty of
Arts, </span>Chulalongkorn University</div>
<div>Bangkok, Thailand</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
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