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In the Cariban family, there is a small set of monomorphemic postpositions, with all the rest formed from relational nouns plus suffixes expressing static location or path (allative, perlative, ablative). Derbyshire (1985: 205-219) gives a long list of nouns
plus case suffixes (his "Relator forms”) and Meira (1999: 399-411) gives quite a few examples of what he calls “derived postpositions” in Cariban language Tiriyó. Derbyshire (1999: 42-43) gives a first indication of the comparative system, but limits his examples
to 15 postpositions in four languages.
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<div class="">In work in progress, my student Jordan Douglas has identified over 100 postposition cognate sets in the family, of which the great majority reconstruct as composed from a (possessed) relational noun stem plus a postpositional suffix. If you want
more information, write to me directly.</div>
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<div class="">Best,</div>
<div class="">Spike</div>
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<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1999. Carib. <i class="">The Amazonian Languages</i>. Ed. by Dixon, R.M.W., & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1985.
<i class="">Hixkaryana and Linguistic Typology</i>. Dallas: University of Texas at</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">Arlington and the Summer Institute of Linguistics.</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">Meira, Sérgio. 1999.
<i class="">A Grammar of Tiriyó</i>. Houston: Rice University Doctoral Dissertation.</div>
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<div class="">On Feb 3, 2019, at 6:33 AM, LIU Danqing <<a href="mailto:liudanq@yahoo.com" class="">liudanq@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="">Dear Colleagues:</div>
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<div class=""> The complex adpositions in Chinese basically exist in the form of circumpositions, with a preposition denoting thematic roles and a postposition conveying locative information. For instance:</div>
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<div class="">Mandarin: wo zai shu-shang xie-zi</div>
<div class=""> I at book-on write-characters</div>
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<div class="">In some cases, the preposition is optional while the postposition is obligatory. So the circumposition is a temporary combination instead of a lexical item. Most postpositions came from locative relational nouns. </div>
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<div class="">There are several circumpositions which denote relations other than spatial ones. For example:</div>
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<div class=""> Ta gen huli shide jiaohua.</div>
<div class=""> He with fox-like sly</div>
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<div class="">In my book published in Chinese, <i class="">Word Order Typology and Adposition Theories</i> (2003), I offered a detailed description regarding adpositions in Mandarin and a number of Wu dialects including Shanghainese. There are a Japanese edition
published in Japan and a Korean edition published in Korea, but no English edition, yet. I'm sorry for that.</div>
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<div class="">Danny Liu</div>
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<div class="">On Sunday, February 3, 2019, 9:51:55 PM GMT+8, Martin Haspelmath <<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" class="">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:
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<div class="">It seems to me that the great majority of languages have „complex adpositions“ of the Japanese type, i.e. noun-like forms which combine with their complements in an adpossessive-like way (either genitive flagging on the complement, or indexing
on the „adposition“, or both).
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<div class="">Peter Svenonius has coined the term „axial“ for such forms (as mentioned by Anders Holmberg), which seems a nice addition to our terminology - these axial nouns typically mean ‚in front/in back‘, ‚above/below‘, and ‚inside/outside‘ (true, only
the first two are axes in the strict sense).</div>
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<div class="">In European languages, one usually finds non-axials (i.e. non-noun-like prepositions) for such notions - including some „complex adverbial prepositions“ (e.g. French au dessus de ‚above‘), but I would venture the following claim:</div>
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<div class="">Outside of Europe, spatial relations of the type ‚front/above/inside’ are almost always expressed by axial nouns. </div>
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<div class="">There is surprisingly little systematic cross-linguistic research on axials, so this is just my impression (there was a 1993 book by Soteria Svorou, but it focused on semantic developments, not on morphosyntax).</div>
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<div class="">Best,</div>
<div class="">Martin<br clear="none" class="">
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Am 03.02.2019 um 14:20 schrieb Alice Vittrant- Villejuif <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:vittrant@vjf.cnrs.fr" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="">vittrant@vjf.cnrs.fr</a>>:<br clear="none" class="">
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<div class="">Dear Nigel,
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">This kind of complex appositions is related to the Relator Nouns issue (or 'Noms de Localisation Interne’ issue). See for instance Delancey 1997, Aurnague 1989, 1996, Aurnague & al 2000 and Borillo 1988 (in french).</div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">They are quite frequent in Southeast Asian languages. See for instance Burmese and Thaï chapters in Vittrant & Watkins (eds)(2019).</div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Best, </div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Alice</div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">-----</div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry">DeLancey, Scott. « Grammaticalization and the Gradience of Categories : Relator Nouns and Postpositions in Tibetan and Burmese ». In
<i class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Essays on language function and language type: dedicated to T. Givón</i>, édité par Joan L. Bybee, John Haiman, et Sandra A. Thompson, Johns Benjamins., 51‑69. Amsterdam, 1997.</div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073"><br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Borillo, Andrée. « Le lexique de l’espace : les noms et les adjectifs de localisation interne ». </span><i class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Cahiers de Grammaire</i><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073"> 13
(1988): 1‑22.</span></div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073"><br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
</span></div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Aurnague, Michel. 1989. Catégorisation des objets dans le langage: Les noms et les adjectifs </span><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">de localisation interne. Cahiers
de Grammaire 14. 1–21. Toulouse: UTM.</span></div>
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</span></div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Aurnague, Michel. « Les Noms de Localisation Interne: tentative de caractérisation sémantique à partir de données du basque et du français ».
</span><i class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Cahiers de Lexicologie</i><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073"> 69 (1996): 159‑92.</span></div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Aurnague, M., K. Boulanouar, J.-L. Nespoulous, A. Borillo & M. Borillo. 2000. Spatial semantics:</span><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">the processing of Internal Localization
Nouns. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/ </span><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Current Psychology of Cognition 19 (1). 69–110.</span></div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073csl-entry"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Vittrant, Alice, et Justin Watkins, eds.
</span><i class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">The Mainland Southeast Asia Linguistic Area</i><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM] 314. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2019. </span></div>
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<span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-1-55619-522-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grammaticalization%20and%20the%20Gradience%20of%20Categories%20%3A%20Relator%20Nouns%20and%20Postpositions%20in%20Tibetan%20and%20Burmese&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.edition=Johns%20Benjamins&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.aulast=DeLancey&rft.au=Joan%20L.%20Bybee&rft.au=John%20Haiman&rft.au=Sandra%20A.%20Thompson&rft.au=Scott%20DeLancey&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=51-69&rft.spage=51&rft.epage=69&rft.isbn=978-1-55619-522-8&rft.language=anglais"></span></div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Le 2 févr. 2019 à 21:57, Nigel Vincent <<a shape="rect" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073" href="mailto:nigel.vincent@manchester.ac.uk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nigel.vincent@MANCHESTER.AC.UK</a>> a écrit :</div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">There is a substantial literature on prepositions and postpositions. There is also a growing body of work on complex prepositions, i.e. things like English 'in front of', French 'au dessous de'. To complete the picture
I'd be grateful for pointers to studies and/or examples of complex postpositions.<span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073Apple-converted-space"> </span><br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Thanks in advance</div>
<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Nigel</div>
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Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
The University of Manchester</div>
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">Linguistics & English Language<br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
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<div class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073"><span class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"></span>The University of Manchester</div>
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<font class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073" face="Helvetica" style="font-size:14px;">Alice Vittrant<br clear="none" class="ydpb9081734yiv8680994073">
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<div class=""><span class="">_______________________________________________</span><br clear="none" class="">
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<div class="ydpb9081734yqt3590230865" id="ydpb9081734yqtfd75531">_______________________________________________<br clear="none" class="">
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<a shape="rect" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none" class="">
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_______________________________________________<br class="">
Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp<br class="">
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