<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dear Nigel,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Complex adpositional structures (a general locative preposition + pre- or post-ground relator noun) are the norm in Niger-Congo, and beyond, as an areal phenomenon in Chadic (including Zina Kotoko, Hausa, etc.) and the Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creoles of West Africa and the Caribbean. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I am sending you the following papers, which includes discussions of how English simple prepositional structures were reanalyzed as complex structures in the creoles due to Niger-Congo pressure and back again due to English pressure, as well as discussions of Kwa and Bantu complex adpositions, and contact-induced changes in such constructions.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Kofi</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<div class="gmail-csl-entry">Yakpo, Kofi & Adrienne Bruyn. 2015. <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/o92c3yfocdy7irl/yakpo_2015_sranan-relexification-offprint.pdf?dl=0">Transatlantic patterns: The relexification of locative constructions in Sranan.</a> In Pieter Muysken & Norval Smith (eds.), <i>Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund</i> (Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs (TiLSM) 275), 135–75. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry">Yakpo, Kofi. 2017. <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/buzr3x98vuni88l/yakpo_2017_creole-transition-sranan-offprint.pdf?dl=0">Creole in transition: Contact with Dutch and typological change in Sranan</a>. In Kofi Yakpo & Pieter Muysken (eds.), <i>Boundaries and Bridges: Language Contact in Multilingual Ecologies</i> (Language Contact and Bilingualism (LCB) 14), 57–85. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-1-61451-488-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creole%20in%20transition%3A%20Contact%20with%20Dutch%20and%20typological%20change%20in%20Sranan&rft.place=Berlin&rft.publisher=De%20Gruyter%20Mouton&rft.series=Language%20contact%20and%20bilingualism%20(LCB)&rft.aufirst=Kofi&rft.aulast=Yakpo&rft.au=Kofi%20Yakpo&rft.au=Kofi%20Yakpo&rft.au=Pieter%20Muysken&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=57-85&rft.spage=57&rft.epage=85&rft.isbn=978-1-61451-488-6"></span></div></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry">Yakpo, Kofi. 2017. <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/2t6q096cmpe11pe/yakpo_2017_unity-in-diversity-offprint.pdf?dl=0">Unity in diversity: The homogeneity of the substrate and the grammar of space in the African and Caribbean English-lexifier Creoles</a>. In Cecilia Cutler, Zvjezdana Vrzic & Philipp Angermeyer (eds.), <i>Language contact in Africa and the African diaspora in the Americas. In honor of John V. Singler</i> (Creole Language Library 53), 225–250. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em"><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em"><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div>
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A978-1-61451-488-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creole%20in%20transition%3A%20Contact%20with%20Dutch%20and%20typological%20change%20in%20Sranan&rft.place=Berlin&rft.publisher=De%20Gruyter%20Mouton&rft.series=Language%20contact%20and%20bilingualism%20(LCB)&rft.aufirst=Kofi&rft.aulast=Yakpo&rft.au=Kofi%20Yakpo&rft.au=Kofi%20Yakpo&rft.au=Pieter%20Muysken&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=57-85&rft.spage=57&rft.epage=85&rft.isbn=978-1-61451-488-6"></span></div></div><div class="gmail-csl-entry"><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<div class="gmail-csl-entry"><br></div></div></div></div></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="1" color="#666666" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">————<br></font></div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#666666">Dr Kofi Yakpo • Associate Professor </font><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">•</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)"> </span><a href="http://arts.hku.hk/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">University of Hong Kong</font></a><span style="color:rgb(255,204,102)"> </span></font></div><div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">Undergraduate Coordinator </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">• </span><a href="http://www.linguistics.hku.hk/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Linguistics Programme</font></a></font></div><div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">Deputy Master </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">• </span><a href="http://www.chisuncollege.hku.hk/the-college/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Chi Sun College</font></a><span style="color:rgb(255,204,102)"> </span></font></div><div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#666666">Web: </font><a href="http://hub.hku.hk/cris/rp/rp01715" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">scholars hub</font></a><span style="color:rgb(255,204,102)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">•</span><font color="#c0c0c0"> </font><a href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/KofiYakpo" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">academia.edu</font></a><font color="#999999"> </font><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">•</span><span style="color:rgb(192,192,192)"> </span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kofi_Yakpo" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">researchgate</font></a></font></div><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font color="#666666" size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Recent publications:</font></div><div><a href="http://langsci.github.io/book/85" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">A Grammar of Pichi</font></a><br></div><div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/eww.38.1.04yak" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">English World-Wide</font></a><br></font></div><div><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/212695" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Boundaries and bridges: Language contact in multilingual ecologies</font></a><br></div><div><a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/coll.55.05yak" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Creole negation: Areal convergence</font></a><br></div><div><font size="1"><a href="https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/cll.53.10yak/details" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Festschrift for John V. Singler: Unity in Diversity</font></a></font><br></div></div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, 3 Feb 2019 at 08:07, Anders Holmberg <<a href="mailto:anders.holmberg@newcastle.ac.uk">anders.holmberg@newcastle.ac.uk</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Hello Nigel,</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
In the language described here all prepositions are complex prepositions.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Holmberg, Anders. 2002.<span>
</span>Prepositions and PPs in Zina Kotoko. In B. Schmidt, D. Odden & A. Holmberg (eds.)
<i>Some aspects of the grammar of Zina Kotoko</i>. Lincom Europa.</span></p>
<p style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif;text-align:left" align="left">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Since the paper is not the easiest to get hold of, I attach it here. I warmly recommend Peter Svenonius's work on adpositions in general, including complex adpositions.</span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Anders<br>
</span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">
<span lang="NO-BOK"></span></p>
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395signature">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div class="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395BodyFragment"><font size="2">
<div class="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395PlainText"><br>
<br>
Prof. Anders Holmberg<br>
School of English Literature, Language, and Linguistics<br>
Newcastle University<br>
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU<br>
UK</div>
</font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395appendonsend"></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div id="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Nigel Vincent <<a href="mailto:nigel.vincent@manchester.ac.uk" target="_blank">nigel.vincent@manchester.ac.uk</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 02 February 2019 20:57<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] complex postpositions</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="direction:ltr;font-family:Tahoma;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:10pt">
<div>There is a substantial literature on prepositions and postpositions. There is also a growing body of work on complex prepositions, i.e. things like English 'in front of', French 'au dessous de'. To complete the picture I'd be grateful for pointers to studies
and/or examples of complex postpositions. <br>
</div>
<div>Thanks in advance</div>
<div>Nigel</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester</div>
<div style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Linguistics & English Language<br>
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<br>
</div>
<div><span class="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"></span>The University of Manchester</div>
<div><span class="gmail-m_-1166873099843535395x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"></span><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<a href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html" target="_blank">https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</blockquote></div>