<div dir="ltr"><p></p><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">dear Horia,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu, has a similar profile to Pattie's example of Hup.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">It employs a geocentric system for space reference [cf. <a href="https://www.academia.edu/1330234/">paper1</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/14581844/">paper2</a>] and never uses <i>left </i>and <i>right</i>, or anthropocentric coordinates, for spatial orientation. These terms (<font color="#990000" style=""><b>m</b>[<b>ō</b>]<b>tō</b></font> 'right side', <font color="#990000" style=""><b>g</b>[<b>a</b>]<b>la</b></font> 'left side') are essentially body parts, and nothing else.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">On the other hand (!), Mwotlap associates "right" hand with skill:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li><font color="#990000" style=""><b>m</b>[<b>ō</b>]<b>tō</b></font> (n.) the right hand side</li><li><font color="#990000" style=""><b>m</b>[<b>ō</b>]<b>tōtō</b></font> (adj.) skilful, dextrous <font size="1">[= reduplication of
<b><font color="#990000">m[ō]tō</font></b>]</font></li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">best<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Alex</div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"></span></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><hr width="70" size="1" noshade align="left" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><div style="font-family:"Segoe UI",Verdana,"Trebuchet MS",Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,102,102);font-size:11px;line-height:16.5px"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif">Alex François</p><p><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><a href="http://lattice.cnrs.fr/Francois-Alexandre?lang=en" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line:none">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">CNRS–</a><a title="ENS" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">ENS</a>–<a title="ENS" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br><a href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">Australian National University</a><br><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/AlexFran%C3%A7ois" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">Academia page</a> – <a href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration-line:none">Personal homepage</a></span></p><hr size="1" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"></div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Thu, 28 Feb 2019 at 15:59, Smith-Dennis, Ellen <<a href="mailto:E.Smith-Dennis@warwick.ac.uk">E.Smith-Dennis@warwick.ac.uk</a>> wrote:</span><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Dear Alec,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><i></i></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">It's interesting that you used the term <i>
gauche </i>in your email, since that means 'left' in French!</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br>
</p>
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<div id="gmail-m_21602828682616147divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols">
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">
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<font size="3" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif" color="black"><span id="gmail-m_21602828682616147divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size:12pt"><font face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;text-transform:none">Kind regards,</span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;text-transform:none">Ellen</span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none"><b><br>
</b></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none"><b>Dr. Ellen Smith-Dennis, FHEA</b></span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none">Assistant Professor</span></font></div>
<div style="text-indent:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none">Centre for Applied Linguistics</span></font><font size="3" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif" color="black"><span id="gmail-m_21602828682616147divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size:12pt"><font face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"></font></span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none">,
The University of Warwick, <font size="3" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif" color="black">
<span id="gmail-m_21602828682616147divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size:12pt"><font face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="2" face="Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none">Coventry, CV4 7AL</span></font></font></span></font></span></font></div>
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<div id="gmail-m_21602828682616147divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Alexander Coupe <<a href="mailto:ARCoupe@ntu.edu.sg" target="_blank">ARCoupe@ntu.edu.sg</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 28 February 2019 14:08:07<br>
<b>To:</b> Horia Calugareanu; <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Languages with connotations for 'left' and 'right'</font>
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<div lang="EN-SG">
<div class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_WordSection1">
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">Dear Horia,</p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">There is likely to be a biological reason for this: approximately 90% of the world’s human population is right-hand dominant. So right-handedness is egocentrically assumed to be “normal” by the right-handed majority regardless of one’s
language, and left-handedness is viewed as gauche. </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">Metaphor may be responsible for particular connotations associated with direction, e.g. up is positive, down/south is negative. You might also expand your investigation to look at deictic verbs of motion ‘go’ and ‘come’, which correlate
with movement into a marked state, and conversely, return to an unmarked state in English and Thai, and possibly in other languages<i>.
</i>A possible paper of interest is:</p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">Gandour, Jack.<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"> 1978.</span> ‘On the deictic uses of verbs of motion ‘come’ and ‘go’ in Thai.
<i><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0cm">Anthropological Linguistics</span></i><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">, v20 n9 p381-94.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">Alec</p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal" style="line-height:9pt"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black">Assoc. Prof. Alexander R. Coupe, Ph.D.
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(251,0,7)">|
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black">Linguistics and Multilingual Studies
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(251,0,7)">|</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black"> Nanyang Technological University</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal" style="line-height:9pt"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black">School of Humanities 03-56, 48 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639818 </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal" style="line-height:9pt"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black">Tel: (65) 6592-1567
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<a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,233)">arcoupe@ntu.edu.sg</span></a> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(251,0,7)">|</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black"> Web:
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,22,234)"><a href="http://nanyang.academia.edu/AlexanderCoupe" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(64,22,234)">http://nanyang.academia.edu/AlexanderCoupe</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal" style="line-height:9pt"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(181,196,223);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">From: </span>
</b><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Horia Calugareanu <<a href="mailto:horia.calugareanu@gmail.com" target="_blank">horia.calugareanu@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, 28 February 2019 at 8:23 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>"<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] Languages with connotations for 'left' and 'right'</span></p>
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<div>
<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="gmail-m_21602828682616147x_MsoNormal">Dear colleagues,<br>
<br>
I am putting together a semantic typology in order to test the following hypothesis:<br>
<br>
Across languages, the word for left (side/direction) (or some derivation of it) tends to get a negative connotation, whereas the word for ‘right’ gets a positive one, if the effect exists.<br>
<br>
Apart from Indo-European languages, where the effect is widely present, this is a non-exhaustive list of languages which prove the thesis: Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, Korean, Fula, Golpa, Hungarian, Malay, Turkish.<br>
<br>
Do you know of any other (preferably non-Indo-European) languages which help confirm or infirm the generalisation?<br>
<br>
Finally, I am also researching whether the effect holds anyhow in languages with allocentric frames of reference (i.e. uphill/downhill, or north/south, instead of left/right). I haven’t been able to find any due to scarce resources, but some examples of languages
with non-egocentric FoR are Tseltal, Haillom, Guugu Yimitirr, Kuuk Thaayorre. <br>
<br>
Thank you very much. <br>
<br>
Kind regards,<br>
Horia Călugăreanu<br>
University College London</p>
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