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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">“T<i>hen there's Nama, which also productively marks NPs for person, though my notes don't specify whether this includes also proper names. You could look at pp. 41-45 of the following reference (which unfortunately
I don't have access to right now): Hagman, Roy S. (1977) Nama Hottentot Grammar, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-GB">David</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">You may also want to have a look at PNG markers in Alamblak (also discussed on pp. 83-84 in my 2004 NP book, together with Nama Hottentot):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:JA">Bruce, Les. 1984.
<i>The Alamblak language of Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)</i> (Pacific Linguistics C–81).
</span><span style="mso-fareast-language:JA">Canberra: The Australian National University.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:JA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:JA">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:JA">Jan Rijkhoff<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of David Gil <gil@shh.mpg.de><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, 25 March 2019 at 13.48<br>
<b>To: </b>"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Pronominalised proper names in Old Tamil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p>Dear Samia,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Several years ago I was looking cross-linguistically at constructions which would seem to overlap with the kind of construction that you are interested in. Unfortunately I got bogged down in definitional matters and abandoned the topic. But here are some
data that might be relevant.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>In Papuan Malay, any NP, including proper names, can be marked for person (1st, 2nd or 3rd) and number. (There is no gender in Papuan Malay.) The NP can occur in any position in the sentence. For example<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>(1) sa lia Niko ko di pasar<br>
1SG see Niko 2SG in market <br>
'I saw you/Niko in the market'<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>The above meets your requirement for person marking but not for agreement. Now Papuan Malay also has a construction which might be characterized as optional incipient subject-verb agreement. So putting that together with person marking on a proper name
in subject position, you get constructions such as the following:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>(2) Niko ko kelemarin ko lia sa di pasar<br>
Niko 2SG yesterday 2SG see 1SG in market <br>
'You/Niko yesterday saw me in the market' <br>
<br>
This is now like what you're looking for, except that I would characterize the subject NP "Niko ko" as the controller of agreement and the verbal complex "ko lia" as its target, which seems to be the opposite of what you describe for Tamil (though the difference
could be terminological).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Papuan Malay is alone amongst Malay/Indonesian dialects in having this construction, and it is a clear calque on similar constructions that are available in some of the local languages of West Papua — if you're interested I could try and dig up some data
(though when I was working on this, I wasn't concerned specifically with proper names).<br>
<br>
Outside New Guinea, you might take a look at Classical Nahuatl: <br>
<br>
Andrews, J. Richard. 1975. Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. Austin: U of Texas Press.<br>
<br>
where person-marked proper names are reported (p.193), though I wouldn't know about agreement patterns.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Then there's Nama, which also productively marks NPs for person, though my notes don't specify whether this includes also proper names. You could look at pp. 41-45 of the following reference (which unfortunately I don't have access to right now):<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Hagman, Roy S. (1977) Nama Hottentot Grammar, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">David<br>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 25/03/2019 13:18, Samia Naïm wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear colleagues <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I am relaying to Dr Appasamy Murugaiyan (<a href="mailto:a.murugaiyan@wanadoo.fr">a.murugaiyan@wanadoo.fr</a>), a specialist of Old Tamil (<span style="font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT",serif">EPHE-UMR 7528 Mondes iranien et indien)</span>,
who is interested in the languages where the proper names <span style="font-size:12.0pt">take PNG markers and agree with the predicate.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Here is his request :</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">« Pronominalised proper names in Old Tamil»</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">In Dravidian languages, particularly in OlD Tamil, a special construction known under different terms such as “<i>Pronominalised Noun</i>,
<i>Participial Noun</i>, <i>Appellative Verb</i>, <i>Conjugated Noun</i>, <i>Personal noun”
</i> is used. From a historical perspective. This <i>pronominalised noun</i> (PNN) is formed by affixing the Person Number and Gender (PNG) marker to any stem (STEM + PNG). These PNN forms in 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> persons are attested
in many Classical Tamil verses with distinctive grammatical functions as argument or predicate. Whereas, in Modern Tamil the PNN forms as occurred in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> person nouns have almost fallen into disuse and those in 3<sup>rd</sup>
person, though are in use, this, however, tends to be generalised and lost their Person distinction. On the contrary, in Tamil inscriptions ((9th to 12th Century CE) the PNN seem to be frequently used. A detailed analysis of the data from the inscriptional
Tamil reveals not only that PNN are used in wider grammatical contexts and preserve their multifunctionality, they also found to exhibit a unique feature where, the proper names are pronominalized. The pronominalisation of proper names is not at all attested
in other corpus of Tamil. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">In Tamil, the bare form of proper names, with out any marker added, are difinite and 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular names.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">Peter koḍu.tt.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:FR">āṉ ‘Peter gave’
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</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-language:FR">Peter give.past.3<sup>rd</sup>.s.m</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">In modern Tamil to say « I, Pater, gave » a eriphrastic construction is used:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">Peter ākiya nāṉ koḍu.tt.ēṉ<br>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt">Pater be.ADJP I give.past.1s</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt">ADJP = Adjectival participle
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">But in the the Tamil epgraphic corpus (9th to 12th Century CE), the proper name is prominalised and agrees with the verb. This construction
is not noticed or 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> persons.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">Peter.ēṉ koḍu.tt.ēṉ<br>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt">Peter.1s give.past.1s</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">This construction « proper name+PNG », is noticed only in Tamil epigraphic texts and I think it is an innovation.
<br>
This type of pronominalisation is noticed in Elamit. </span><span lang="EN-GB">DAVID W. McALPIN, Proto- Elamo- Dravidian: The Evidence and its Implications 1981, THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.<br>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">The comparison proposed by David McAlpin is mainly based on the pronominalisation construction shown above.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">The question is: Are there other languages wher the proper names take PNG markers and agree with the predicate or for any other syntactic
reasons.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt">Thanks and Best regards</span><span lang="EN-GB">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>David Gil<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Email: <a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816<o:p></o:p></pre>
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