<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear colleagues<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I am relaying to Dr Appasamy Murugaiyan (<a href="mailto:a.murugaiyan@wanadoo.fr" class="">a.murugaiyan@wanadoo.fr</a>), a specialist of Old Tamil (<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;" class="">EPHE-UMR 7528 Mondes iranien et indien)</span>, who is interested in the languages where the proper names <span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">take PNG markers
and agree with the predicate.</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Here is his request :</span></div><div class="">
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<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">« Pronominalised proper names in Old Tamil»<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">In Dravidian languages, particularly in OlD Tamil, a special construction
known under different </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">terms such as “<i class="">Pronominalised Noun</i>, <i class="">Participial Noun</i>, <i class="">Appellative Verb</i>, <i class="">Conjugated
Noun</i>, <i class="">Personal noun” </i> is used. From a historical perspective. This <i class="">pronominalised
</i></span><i class=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">noun</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">(PNN) is formed by affixing
the Person Number and Gender (PNG) marker to any stem (STEM + PNG). These PNN
forms in 1<sup class="">st</sup>, 2<sup class="">nd</sup> and 3<sup class="">rd</sup> persons are attested
in many Classical Tamil verses with distinctive grammatical functions as
argument or predicate. Whereas, in Modern Tamil the PNN forms as occurred in 1<sup class="">st</sup>
and 2<sup class="">nd</sup> person nouns have almost fallen into disuse and those in 3<sup class="">rd</sup>
person, though are in use, this, however, tends to be generalised and lost
their Person distinction. On the contrary, in Tamil inscriptions (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">(9th to 12th
Century CE)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> the PNN seem to be frequently used. A detailed
analysis of the data from the inscriptional Tamil reveals not only that PNN are
used in wider grammatical contexts and preserve their multifunctionality, they
also found to exhibit a unique feature where, the proper names are
pronominalized. The pronominalisation of proper names is not at all attested in
other corpus of Tamil. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">In Tamil, the bare form of proper names, with out any marker added, are
difinite and 3<sup class="">rd</sup> person singular names.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Peter ko</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
FR" class="">ḍ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">u.tt.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Doulos SIL";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:FR" class="">āṉ ‘Peter gave’ <br class="">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Doulos SIL";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:FR" class="">Peter give.past.3<sup class="">rd</sup>.s.m<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">In modern Tamil to say « I, Pater, gave » a eriphrastic
construction is used:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Peter ākiya nāṉ koḍu.tt.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;
mso-fareast-language:FR" class="">ēṉ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><br class="">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">Pater be.ADJP I give.past.1s<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">ADJP = Adjectival participle </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">But in the the Tamil epgraphic corpus (9th to 12th Century CE), the proper
name is prominalised and agrees with the verb. This construction is not noticed
or 2<sup class="">nd</sup> and 3<sup class="">rd</sup> persons.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Peter.ēṉ koḍu.tt.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Doulos SIL";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;
mso-fareast-language:FR" class="">ēṉ<br class="">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;" class="">Peter.1s give.past.1s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">This construction « proper name+PNG », is noticed only in Tamil
epigraphic texts and I think it is an innovation. <br class="">
This type of pronominalisation is noticed in Elamit. </span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">DAVID W. McALPIN, Proto- Elamo- Dravidian: The
Evidence and its Implications 1981, THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.<br class="">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">The comparison proposed by David McAlpin is mainly based on the
pronominalisation construction shown above.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">The question is: Are there other languages wher the proper names take PNG markers
and agree with the predicate or for any other syntactic reasons.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;" class="">Thanks and Best regards</span><!--EndFragment-->
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