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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Dear all,</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><br>
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">I’m looking for data on singulatives and I’m writing to ask for your help in tracking down more instances of this phenomenon. There is so far no comprehensive list of singulatives in the world’s languages that’s informed
by an operational definition of what constitutes a singulative, and my aim is to produce such a database.
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">My working definition of the singulative is that it is a noun form with any marker (inflectional or derivational) that creates a meaning ‘one’ or ‘(one) unit’ when added to a base, i.e. a singulativizing and individuating
marker. Bases for singulatives tend to be mass nouns, plurals, collectives of different kinds, general number forms, and sometimes non-nominal bases like adjectives. Here are four examples of different types of singulatives under my definition:</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(1) Bayso (Afro-Asiatic): <i>lúban</i> ‘lion(s)’ (general number), singulative
<i>lúban-titi </i>‘a lion’</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(2) Russian (Indo-European) <i>gorox</i> ‘pea(s)’ (mass), singulative
<i>goroš-ina</i> ‘a pea’</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(3) Italian (Indo-European) <i>cioccolato</i> ’chocolate’ (mass), singulative
<i>cioccolat-ino</i> ’a chocolate praline, chocolate sweet’</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(4) Welsh (Indo-European) <i>unigol</i> ‘individual’ (adjective), singulative
<i>unigol-yn</i> ‘an individual’</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">These examples show that singulatives occur in different number systems, and they can be productive or unproductive (like the Russian -<i>ina</i> suffix). I also include diminutive markers which have a singulative function,
as seen in (3) (Jurafsky 1996 calls this the ’partitive’ function of diminutives). Forms that are singulatives are often not described as such in grammars (especially types 3 and 4), making them harder to find. I am also including singulatives in older language
stages which have since been lost (e.g. Old Irish).</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Below is a list of languages (alphabetical order) on which I already have data. I would be very grateful for any pointers to grammars, language descriptions or other mentions of singulatives in languages which are not on
the list, or if you think there are sources for any of the already listed languages that I’m likely to have missed.
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Thank you very much in advance!</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Best wishes,</span></p>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Silva Nurmio</span></p>
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normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Aari</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Akkadian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Arabic (several dialects)</span></p>
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normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Arbore</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Baiso/Bayso</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Baule</span></p>
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normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Berber</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Bidyogo</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Bora</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Breton</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Burushaski</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Cantonese</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Cornish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Dagaare</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Dutch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Enets (Forest Enets and Tundra
Enets)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ewe</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Fox</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Gede'o</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Hebrew</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Imonda</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Italian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Itelmen</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Kambaata</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Kiowa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Krongo
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Majang</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Maltese</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Marle (Murle)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Masa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Miraña</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Nafusi</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Nahuatl (all dialects?)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ojibwe (all dialects?)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Old Irish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Oromo (Borana dialect)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Resígaro</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Russian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Shilluk</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Shona</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Sidamo</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Swahili</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tariana</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tewa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tigre</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tiwa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Towa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Turkana</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ukrainian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Welsh</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Yiddish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Zulu</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
Dr Silva Nurmio</p>
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<div>Research Fellow<br>
Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies<br>
Fabianinkatu 24 (P.O. Box 4)<br>
00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</div>
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<div><a href="https://tuhat.helsinki.fi/portal/en/person/sinurmio" class="OWAAutoLink"></a><span class="OWAAutoLink">https://tuhat.helsinki.fi/portal/en/person/sinurmio</span></div>
<div><span class="OWAAutoLink"></span><a href="http://helsinki.academia.edu/SilvaNurmio" class="OWAAutoLink"></a><br>
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