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<p>Hi Silva,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>In Sinitic languages (especially southern ones), Vietnamese, and
elsewhere in the region, there is a construction of the general
form</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>CLF N</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>i.e. a noun preceded by a numeral classifier. The resulting
construction is almost invariably singular — the exception being
cases where the classifier itself has inherent plural semantics.
(In addition, the construction in question is associated with the
classificatory semantics of the classifier, plus also various
(in)definiteness effects, e.g. it is usually definite in Cantonese
but indefinite in Mandarin.)</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Is this a singulative? The only reason not to call it such might
be that the classifier is usually considered to be a "separate
word", whereas the term "singulative" is generally used in the
context of morphology. However — as Martin Haspelmath frequently
reminds us — the notion of wordhood is problematic and often
unduly influenced by the standard orthography, which, in the case
of Chinese and Vietnamese at least, strongly prejudices us towards
a "separate word" analysis. <br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Indeed, one could perhaps make a case that the familiar articles
of many western European languages are also singulatives ... This
is but another example of the problems inherent in the positing of
comparative concepts that make reference to the morphology/syntax
distinction. I am not proposing that we do away with this
distinction; in particular, in the domain in question, there does
seem to be good reason to distinguish between the domains of
"Number" (morphological) and "Quantification" (syntactic). It's
just that the abundance of problematic "in-between" cases means
that we need to try and make our criteria as explicit as we
possibly can.<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>David</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 13/05/2019 14:15, Nurmio, Silva M
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:HE1PR07MB44107D4E4A9CAA5CCA14EAEA810F0@HE1PR07MB4410.eurprd07.prod.outlook.com">
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Dear all,</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">I’m looking for data on
singulatives and I’m writing to ask for your help in
tracking down more instances of this phenomenon. There is so
far no comprehensive list of singulatives in the world’s
languages that’s informed by an operational definition of
what constitutes a singulative, and my aim is to produce
such a database.
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">My working definition of
the singulative is that it is a noun form with any marker
(inflectional or derivational) that creates a meaning ‘one’
or ‘(one) unit’ when added to a base, i.e. a singulativizing
and individuating marker. Bases for singulatives tend to be
mass nouns, plurals, collectives of different kinds, general
number forms, and sometimes non-nominal bases like
adjectives. Here are four examples of different types of
singulatives under my definition:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(1) Bayso
(Afro-Asiatic): <i>lúban</i> ‘lion(s)’ (general number),
singulative
<i>lúban-titi </i>‘a lion’</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(2) Russian
(Indo-European) <i>gorox</i> ‘pea(s)’ (mass), singulative
<i>goroš-ina</i> ‘a pea’</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(3) Italian
(Indo-European) <i>cioccolato</i> ’chocolate’ (mass),
singulative
<i>cioccolat-ino</i> ’a chocolate praline, chocolate sweet’</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">(4) Welsh
(Indo-European) <i>unigol</i> ‘individual’ (adjective),
singulative
<i>unigol-yn</i> ‘an individual’</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">These examples show that
singulatives occur in different number systems, and they can
be productive or unproductive (like the Russian -<i>ina</i>
suffix). I also include diminutive markers which have a
singulative function, as seen in (3) (Jurafsky 1996 calls
this the ’partitive’ function of diminutives). Forms that
are singulatives are often not described as such in grammars
(especially types 3 and 4), making them harder to find. I am
also including singulatives in older language stages which
have since been lost (e.g. Old Irish).</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Below is a list of
languages (alphabetical order) on which I already have data.
I would be very grateful for any pointers to grammars,
language descriptions or other mentions of singulatives in
languages which are not on the list, or if you think there
are sources for any of the already listed languages that I’m
likely to have missed.
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Thank you very much in
advance!</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Best wishes,</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Silva Nurmio</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Aari</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Akkadian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Arabic (several dialects)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Arbore</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Baiso/Bayso</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Baule</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Berber</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Bidyogo</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Bora</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Breton</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Burushaski</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Cantonese</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Cornish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Dagaare</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Dutch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Enets (Forest Enets and Tundra Enets)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ewe</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Fox</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Gede'o</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Hebrew</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Imonda</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Italian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Itelmen</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Kambaata</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Kiowa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Krongo
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Majang</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Maltese</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Marle (Murle)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Masa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Miraña</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Nafusi</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Nahuatl (all dialects?)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ojibwe (all dialects?)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Old Irish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Oromo (Borana dialect)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Resígaro</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Russian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Shilluk</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Shona</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Sidamo</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Swahili</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tariana</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tewa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tigre</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Tiwa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Towa</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Turkana</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Ukrainian</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span
style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New
Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
EN-GB">Welsh</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Yiddish</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size:
11pt; font-family: "Calibri",
sans-serif;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Zulu</span></p>
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div id="Signature">
<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;
color:#000000; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top:0px;
margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
Dr Silva Nurmio</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top:0px;
margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">
</p>
<div>Research Fellow<br>
Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies<br>
Fabianinkatu 24 (P.O. Box 4)<br>
00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span class="OWAAutoLink"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://tuhat.helsinki.fi/portal/en/person/sinurmio">https://tuhat.helsinki.fi/portal/en/person/sinurmio</a></span></div>
<div><span class="OWAAutoLink"></span><br>
</div>
<br>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top:0px;
margin-bottom:0px">
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816
</pre>
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