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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=IT link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Mr. Tsunoda,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>concerning the problem of oral languages in modern societies I can recommend you the following item:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'> <b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;color:black'>THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE BIAS IN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY </span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Juan C. Moreno Cabrera <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Universidad Autònoma de Madrid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Ttulo4><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGOE+TimesNewRoman,Italic",serif;color:black'>Abstract <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Textoindependiente style='text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>This paper explores some of the consequences for linguistic typology of the written language bias (WLB) as described and argued for in detail by Linell (2005). It is shown that some concepts and techniques chiefly created and developed for the study of written and standard languages (mainly European) are employed to build up linguistic typologies encompassing data from many non-written languages. These include: phonemic inventories, the analytic/synthetic dichotomy, and word, sentence and text definitions. It is argued that, as a result, some linguistic phenomena considered until now as typologically significant are indeed properties of spoken languages in general and should be discarded, as currently formulated, in typological research. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Keywords: language typology, morphological typology, synthetic languages, analitic languages, configurationality, holophrastic words, phoneme, syllable<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Unfortunately the Author didn’t send me where this paper (2017) has been published. </span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Have a look in Google !<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman",serif;color:black'>Paolo Ramat</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Da:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] <b>Per conto di </b>Maxim Kisilier<br><b>Inviato:</b> lunedì 8 luglio 2019 11:12<br><b>A:</b> TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br><b>Cc:</b> lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br><b>Oggetto:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] oral languages in modern societies<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Mr Tsunoda,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>And is it possible to find a pdf of this book?<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Maxim<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://iling.spb.ru/people/kisilier.html.en" target="_blank">http://iling.spb.ru/people/kisilier.html.en</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::</span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>пн, 8 июл. 2019 г. в 09:40, TasakuTsunoda <<a href="mailto:tasakutsunoda@nifty.com">tasakutsunoda@nifty.com</a>>:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Dear Sergey,</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Please allow me to recommend my own work. I think that the following book is relevant:</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2005. <i>Language endangerment and language revitalization</i>. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (Paperback edition 2006)</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>I think that in particular the following chapters are relevant:</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Chapter 6. External setting of language endangerment.</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Chapter 7. Speech behaviour: sociolinguistic aspects of language endangerment.</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Chapter 8. Structural changes in language endangerment.</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Best wishes,</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Tasaku Tsunoda</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:JA'>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> (Sergey Lyosov <<a href="mailto:sergelyosov@inbox.ru" target="_blank">sergelyosov@inbox.ru</a>> </span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>の代理</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>)<br><b>Reply-To: </b>Sergey Lyosov <<a href="mailto:sergelyosov@inbox.ru" target="_blank">sergelyosov@inbox.ru</a>><br></span><b><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>2019</span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>7</span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>7</span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>日日曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'> 14:23<br></span><b><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></span><b><span lang=JA style='font-family:"MS Mincho",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:JA'>[Lingtyp] oral languages in modern societies</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>Dear colleagues,</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>doing fieldwork on an oral Aramaic variety in Upper Mesopotamia (Turkey), I started wondering what is known about the behaviour of an oral language that has lost its </span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:JA'>“</span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>natural</span><span lang=JA style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:JA'>”</span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'> setting in he traditional culture, especially due to a rush advent of Modernity, industrial/post-industrial society, school and mass-media in an official (state) language, etc. Could you recommend me literature on the subject?</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>Best wishes,</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-fareast-language:JA'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>Sergey</span><span style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:11.55pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><br><br></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
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