<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:mv="http://macVmlSchemaUri" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta name=表題 content=""><meta name="キーワード" content=""><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Yu Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@Yu Mincho";}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";}
@font-face
{font-family:"lr oSVbN";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"BEMGKN+TimesNewRoman\,Bold";}
@font-face
{font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;}
@font-face
{font-family:"BEMGOE+TimesNewRoman\,Italic";}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0mm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0mm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.Default, li.Default, div.Default
{mso-style-name:Default;
margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"BEMGKN+TimesNewRoman\,Bold";
color:black;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.Ttulo4, li.Ttulo4, div.Ttulo4
{mso-style-name:"Título 4";
mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"BEMGKN+TimesNewRoman\,Bold";
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.Textoindependiente, li.Textoindependiente, div.Textoindependiente
{mso-style-name:"Texto independiente";
mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"BEMGKN+TimesNewRoman\,Bold";
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:Calibri;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"lr oSVbN","serif";
color:black;}
span.msoIns
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-style-name:"";
text-decoration:underline;
color:teal;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:70.85pt 20.0mm 20.0mm 20.0mm;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style></head><body bgcolor=white lang=JA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Dear Paolo,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> Thank you for your information.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN","serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Paolo Ramat <paoram@unipv.it><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>2019</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>7</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>8</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日月曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> 19:14<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>'Maxim Kisilier' <kisimac@gmail.com>, 'TasakuTsunoda' <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br><b>Cc: </b>'lingtyp' <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>R: [Lingtyp] oral languages in modern societies<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Mr. Tsunoda,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>concerning the problem of oral languages in modern societies I can recommend you the following item:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;color:black'>THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE BIAS IN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY </span></b><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Juan C. Moreno Cabrera </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Universidad Autònoma de Madrid</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Ttulo4><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"BEMGOE+TimesNewRoman\,Italic";color:black'>Abstract </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Textoindependiente style='text-align:justify'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>This paper explores some of the consequences for linguistic typology of the written language bias (WLB) as described and argued for in detail by Linell (2005). It is shown that some concepts and techniques chiefly created and developed for the study of written and standard languages (mainly European) are employed to build up linguistic typologies encompassing data from many non-written languages. These include: phonemic inventories, the analytic/synthetic dichotomy, and word, sentence and text definitions. It is argued that, as a result, some linguistic phenomena considered until now as typologically significant are indeed properties of spoken languages in general and should be discarded, as currently formulated, in typological research. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Keywords: language typology, morphological typology, synthetic languages, analitic languages, configurationality, holophrastic words, phoneme, syllable</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Unfortunately the Author didn’t send me where this paper (2017) has been published. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Have a look in Google !</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Best wishes,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:BEMGDB+TimesNewRoman;color:black'>Paolo Ramat</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Da:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri'> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] <b>Per conto di </b>Maxim Kisilier<br><b>Inviato:</b> lunedì 8 luglio 2019 11:12<br><b>A:</b> TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br><b>Cc:</b> lingtyp <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br><b>Oggetto:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] oral languages in modern societies</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Dear Mr Tsunoda,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>And is it possible to find a pdf of this book?<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://iling.spb.ru/people/kisilier.html.en" target="_blank">http://iling.spb.ru/people/kisilier.html.en</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>пн, 8 июл. 2019 г. в 09:40, TasakuTsunoda <<a href="mailto:tasakutsunoda@nifty.com">tasakutsunoda@nifty.com</a>>:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0mm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Dear Sergey,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Please allow me to recommend my own work. I think that the following book is relevant:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2005. <i>Language endangerment and language revitalization</i>. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (Paperback edition 2006)</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>I think that in particular the following chapters are relevant:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Chapter 6. External setting of language endangerment.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Chapter 7. Speech behaviour: sociolinguistic aspects of language endangerment.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Chapter 8. Structural changes in language endangerment.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Best wishes,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> (Sergey Lyosov <<a href="mailto:sergelyosov@inbox.ru" target="_blank">sergelyosov@inbox.ru</a>> </span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>の代理</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>)<br><b>Reply-To: </b>Sergey Lyosov <<a href="mailto:sergelyosov@inbox.ru" target="_blank">sergelyosov@inbox.ru</a>><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>2019</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>7</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>7</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日日曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> 14:23<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>[Lingtyp] oral languages in modern societies</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB>Dear colleagues,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB>doing fieldwork on an oral Aramaic variety in Upper Mesopotamia (Turkey), I started wondering what is known about the behaviour of an oral language that has lost its </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri'>“</span><span lang=EN-GB>natural</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri'>”</span><span lang=EN-GB> setting in he traditional culture, especially due to a rush advent of Modernity, industrial/post-industrial society, school and mass-media in an official (state) language, etc. Could you recommend me literature on the subject?</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB> </span><span lang=EN-US>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-GB> </span><span lang=EN-US>Sergey<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:11.55pt'><span lang=EN-US><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:13.5pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:Word%20Work%20File%20D.jpg" alt="像は差出人によって削除されました。"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:12.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#41424E'>Mail priva di virus. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>