<div dir="ltr">Hello ALT Membership and Participants,<div><br></div><div>Please find ALT Newsletter No. 56 attached, and also entered directly into the text of this email. Please feel free to share/distribute this Newsletter onward.</div><div><br></div><div>Yours,</div><div><br></div><div>Kristine Hildebrandt</div><div>ALT Secretary<br clear="all"><div><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="color:black">ALT News No. 56</span></i></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="color:black">July 2019</span></i></b></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="color:black">1. Message from the
president, Jeff Good:</span></i></b></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">As we get closer to the 13th
meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology, the local organizers at the
University of Pavia are working hard to prepare for the event. Even if you are
not able to attend, I hope you will take some time to look at the program to
get a sense for the work that people are doing on typology today. As usual, the
talks and posters contain an interesting mix of studies focusing on individual
languages, different language families and areas, and more general typological
topics.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">At the end of this year, my term
as President will be complete, and the Nominating Committee is working now on
developing a list of nominees for a number of ALT positions where those who
have served the Association will be rotating off. Please look out for more
information on ALT nominations and elections as it becomes available.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Below in this newsletter, you
will find further announcements regarding the upcoming ALT meeting as well as
reports from the Greenberg and Pāṇini Award Committees. I would like to give my
sincere thanks to Peter Arkadiev for serving as Chair of the Greenberg Award
Committee and Hilary Chappell for serving as Chair of the Pāṇini Award
Committee. The other members of the Greenberg Award committee were: Sonia
Cristofaro, Frans Plank, Larry Hyman, Eva van Lier, Marina Chumakiba, Mark
Donohue, Matti Miestamo, Tatiana Nikitina, and Sergey Say. The other members of
the Pāṇini Award Committee were: Niclas Burenhult, Denis Creissels, Wilson De
Lima Silva, Diana Forker, Alice Gaby, Tom Güldemann, Hirofumi Hori, Gwen
Hyslop, Nerida Jarkey, František Kratochvil, Florian Lionnet, Danqing Liu,
Enrique Palancar, Andrey Shluinsky, Martine Vanhove, Yogendra Yadava. One of
the pleasures of serving in my role as ALT President has been to discover how
many scholars are willing to dedicate their time to support ALT by serving on
these committees. Giving out these awards is one of ALT’s most important
functions, and I am grateful to everyone who assisted ALT in evaluating the
submissions. I take it as strong evidence of the strength of typology as a
discipline that the level of acceptance of invitations to serve on these
committees is very high, even though I know that those serving have many other
commitments.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I am looking forward to seeing
many of you soon in Pavia!</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="color:black"> </span></i></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="color:black">2. ALT13Announcements</span></i></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span style="color:black">2.1. Updates</span></i><span style="color:black;background:yellow"></span></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">All information
regarding the upcoming ALT conference, including the program, may be found
online: <a href="https://sites.google.com/universitadipavia.it/alt2019/program?authuser=0" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">https://sites.google.com/universitadipavia.it/alt2019/program?authuser=0</a></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The 13th biennial Association for Linguistic Typology
meeting will be held 4-6 September, 2019 at the University of Pavia, Italy. <span lang="IT">The organizers include Sonia
Cristofaro, Silvia Luraghi, Elisa Roma, and Chiara Zanchi.</span></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">2.2 Attendee Conduct at the
ALT Meeting in Pavia</span></i><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><br>
<br>
<span class="gmail-im">The ALT Executive Committee asks all attendees of the 13th
Meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology to respect the Code of
Ethics of the host of the meeting, the University of Pavia, by following those
elements of its Code that are most applicable to academic visitors to the
university. These include, in particular:</span><br>
<br>
<span class="gmail-im">Article 1: Basic Principles</span><br>
<span class="gmail-im">Article 7: Rejection of any form of discrimination</span><br>
<span class="gmail-im">Article 8: Abuses, nuisances and harassment of a sexual nature</span><br>
<span class="gmail-im">Article 10: Moral harassment and bullying</span><br>
<br>
The official version of the Code (in Italian) can be found at </span><a href="https://web.unipv.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Codice-Etico.pdf" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)"><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">https://web.unipv.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Codice-Etico.pdf</span></a><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">, and an English translation can be found at </span><a href="https://web.unipv.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Code-of-Ethics-English-transaltion.pdf" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)"><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">https://web.unipv.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Code-of-Ethics-English-transaltion.pdf</span></a><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">.</span><span style="color:black"><br>
<br>
<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Attendees with any concerns related to the
conduct of individuals at the meeting should feel free to report them to any
member of the Local Organizing Committee, Sonia Cristofaro, Silvia Luraghi,
Elisa Roma, and Chiara Zanchi, or any of the following members of the ALT
Executive Committee: Mark Dingemanse, Jeff Good, Masha Koptjevskaja Tamm,
Felicity Meakins, Rachel Nordlinger, and Ljuba Veselinova.</span></span></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span style="color:black">2.3. Awards</span></i></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Both the Greenberg and Panini
awards have been decided, and the recipients were announced in a general email
earlier in 2019. What follows are the final reports from the jury chairs, and
another word of thanks to the jury members:</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">Chair's Report for the Greenberg Award, 2019, Peter Arkadiev, Chair:</span></b></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">(</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">i<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">) The 2019 Winner</span></span></b></p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Shelece
Easterday. 2017. <i><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Highly complex syllable structure:
a typological study of its phonological characteristics and diachronic
development</span></i><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"></span></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">University of New Mexico</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Supervisor</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">: Caroline Smith</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In her dissertation Shelece
Easterday engages in a very ambitious project of determining the properties of
“highly complex syllable structures” asking if such systems constitute an
identifiable “type”. To do this, Easterday established a database of 100 phonological
systems from a diversified sample of languages which she examined and coded
individually to test if such structures correlate with other phonological and
morphological properties. The research exacted a deep and broad study that is
truly impressive and ambitious in scope. </p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The dissertation consists of
eight chapters, of which chapter 1 serves as a general introduction and chapter
2 describes the language sample. Chapter 3 surveys syllable structure patterns
attested in the sample, examining onset and coda sizes and their mutual
relationships, properties of nuclei and morphological patterns associated with
different syllable structures; the syllable structures in the 24 languages of
the sample with highly complex syllable structure are investigated in detail.
Chapter 4 discusses the relationship between syllable structure complexity and
inventories of vowels and consonants, showing that highly complex syllable
structures are associated with specific properties of phoneme inventories, such
as presence of palato-alveolar, uvular, and ejective consonants and of length
contrast in vowels. Chapter 5 discusses the relationship between syllable
structure complexity and suprasegmental features, showing that languages with
highly complex syllable structures tend to have word stress rather than tone,
and to use vowel duration as a phonetic correlate of word stress, as well as to
have such stress-related phonological properties as unstressed vowel reduction
and deletion. In chapter 6 Easterday specifically discusses the role of vowel
reduction in the development of syllable structure complexity and observes, on
the one hand, that vowel deletion in languages with simple and moderately
complex syllable structures only rarely produces non-canonical tautosyllabic consonant
sequences, and, on the other, “that vowel deletion is more likely to create
clusters in languages which already have a prevalence of consonant clusters”
(p. 402). Chapter 7 addresses the issue of consonant allophony and shows that
stress- and vowel-conditioned processes such as palatalization are associated
with less complex syllable structures, while lenition and sonorization
processes are not sensitive to syllable complexity. Chapter 8 summarizes the
results of the study, addressing such issues as the relationship between
syllable structure complexity and morphology, the properties of highly complex
syllable structure as a linguistic type and pathways of its diachronic
development. Easterday concludes that highly complex syllable structure, often
considered to be functionally dispreferred, is a synchronically and
diachronically stable pattern in the languages of the world, whose long-term
maintenance is motivated by specific phonetic characteristics derived from
temporal properties of gestural organization in such languages.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The main text of the dissertation
is followed by appendices including the full encoding of the inventories and
contrasts in the 100 languages with respect to fifteen different criteria,
thereby allowing readers to evaluate the author’s interpretations and replicate
the study of the (un)successful correlations reported in the different
chapters.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The dissertation shows an
impressive command both of theoretical and methodological issues, an
open-mindedness and respect for others’ views. Extensive citation of preceding
work shows a scholarly disposition as Easterday considers different
interpretations of her findings, including the formal theoretical literature
(the dissertation ends with 50 pages of references.). Easterday masterfully
produces a thoroughly typological work, considering the claims of other system
“types” such as stress- vs. syllable timing, consonantal vs. vocalic languages
etc., as well as holistic claims of correspondence between morphological
typology and syllable structure. This thesis is clearly outstanding, both as a
phonological investigation and a work in typology, and should be read by anyone
who wants to be taken seriously with claims about patterns of syllable
complexity, becoming a standard reference for some time to come.</p>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;break-before:page;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">(</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">ii<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">) Report on
the highly commended dissertations</span></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Raina
Heaton. 2017. <i>A typology of antipassives, with special reference to Mayan</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">University
of </span></b>
















<b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Hawai'i</span></b> <b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> at Mānoa</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt"></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Supervisor:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt"> Lyle
Campbell</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This is the most comprehensive
typological study of antipassive constructions to date, impressive both in the
breadth of coverage (the language sample includes 445 languages from 144
language families) and the depth of analysis. In addition to a substantive
typological study comprising ten chapters which would constitute a full
dissertation by themselves, the thesis also offers a detailed discussion of
antipassives and antipassive-like constructions in the Mayan languages, mainly
based on the author’s own extensive fieldwork on Kaqchikel. Moreover, these two
parts of the dissertation are not separate, but rather feed each other in such
a way that the analysis of the Mayan data builds upon the results of the
typological study and its theoretical proposals, while the cross-linguistic
part of the dissertation is being constantly informed by the Mayan material.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">What is particularly impressive,
apart from the broad cross-linguistic coverage and many interesting typological
insights, is the methodological rigor and explicitness maintained throughout
the dissertation. At virtually any point of the thesis it is clearly shown how
every particular generalization or analytical result was arrived at and which
difficulties the author had to overcome and how. The thesis contains almost
150-page-long appendices comprising full information about the sample and
dataset, together with statistical models used for testing the quantitative
findings.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The examination of the patterns
of co-occurrence of various morphological, syntactic and semantic features of
antipassive constructions in the languages of the sample allows the author to
plot a broader typological space where the antipassive belongs and to highlight
the similarities and differences between the antipassive and related
constructions. Besides having a clear typological and theoretical significance,
this proves indispensable for the discussion of the Mayan languages with their
multiple antipassive and antipassive-like constructions. Heaton not only
discusses antipassive constructions as such, but also asks what the languages
with antipassives look like. This is achieved by examining possible
correlations between the presence of antipassives and a number of features
thereof with such parameters as basic word order, alignment, head- and
dependent marking, encoding of transitivity etc. Perhaps the most important
finding in this domain relates to the relation between antipassives and
ergativity: while the sample corroborates the common belief that that ergative
languages have antipassives with greater chances than nominative-accusative
languages, the author suggests that this is not a direct correlation, but
rather a consequence of the fact that both antipassives and ergativity are
favoured in languages with rigid transitivity classes.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In sum, this is a very comprehensive
study, both in breadth and in depth, which offers a wealth of new data and
insights and should become a standard reference on antipassives.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Dana
Louagie. 2017. <i>A typological study of noun phrase structures in Australian languages</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:14pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</span></b><b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:14pt"></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span lang="NL" style="font-size:14pt">Supervisor:</span></i></b><b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:14pt"> Jean-Christophe
Verstraete</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="NL"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This dissertation presents a
study of noun phrase structures in Australian languages based on a sample of
100 languages. The analysis is developed in two main parts. The first part of
the dissertation presents a general survey of NP features, developing a
synthesis of the available Australianist literature, testing some of its ideas
on the languages of the sample, and showing where Australian languages stand in
relation to other languages in the world. Chapter 1 deals with nominal
classification, which is the best-described aspect of NP structure for
Australian languages. Chapter 2 discusses the domains of qualification and
quantification, which have received less attention in the literature, and chapter
3 introduces the domains of determination and NP constituency, which are most
poorly understood.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The second part of the
dissertation presents a more detailed analysis of the last two aspects,
determination and NP constituency, in the languages of the sample. In Chapter
4, on NP constituency, Louagie concludes that there is in fact no strong
evidence against<i> </i>constituency,
contrary to what has been traditionally claimed in the Australianist
literature. More generally, it is shown that constituency is not an absolute
value that can be applied to languages as unitary wholes, but rather a matter
of degree. Chapter 5, on determiners, likewise challenges the received view
that Australian languages lack determiners. Interestingly, Louagie shows that a
determiner slot can be filled by a range of structurally different elements,
which share the functional feature of identifiability. This approach is
cross-linguistically applicable to languages with and without ‘classic’
determiner systems.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This thesis is very clearly
structured and reads easily. The analysis and presentation of the data is very
transparent and conscientious, including possible limitations of the research
due to scarce or inconclusive data. An important merit of this thesis is that
in addition to providing a detailed overview of NP structure in 100 Australian
languages it also draws on and extrapolates to general typological work.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">Chair’s report on the finalists
for the Fourth </span></b><b><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Pāṇini </span><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">Award, 2019, Hilary Chappell, Chair:</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">(</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">i<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">)      The
2019 Winner</span></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Nadine Grimm. 2015. <i>A grammar of Gyeli</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Humboldt University, Berlin</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Supervisors</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">: Tom
Güldemann and Maarten Mous</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This thesis presents a remarkable
and comprehensive grammar of Gyeli, a Bantu language whose description is based
on the Ngolo speech community in southern Cameroon, West Africa. The research
draws on 19 months of fieldwork, some of which Nadine Grimm carried out as part
of a DoBeS (<i>Documentation of Endangered
Languages</i>) team project between 2010 and 2014. The analysis is firmly
anchored in a multimodal corpus, which includes texts of diverse genres such as
traditional stories, narratives, multi-party conversations and dialogues,
descriptions of everyday activities, procedural texts and songs. This rich
documentation has been supplemented by data from elicitation work,
questionnaires, and experiments. As to be expected of a winning grammar, it
covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli phonology to its information
structure. </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i> </i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In her analysis, Nadine Grimm has
chosen to use an approach which explicitly privileges form over function in her
presentation so that each successive chapter topic neatly mirrors its role in a
hierarchy of structures that she has established. Crucially, the description
reveals itself as one that is well-entrenched in Bantu linguistics, providing a
wealth of in-depth comparative and typological information and supplemented by
observations on reconstructed forms for proto-Bantu. Some more specific
comments follow below.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">An important reason for singling
out Grimm’s grammar among the sixteen submitted to the <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Pāṇini</span> Award are its
in-depth analyses and discussions on a range of topics that will appeal to a
wider typological audience, not just Bantuists. What is particularly laudable
is that these analyses are clearly argued as to the reasons for favouring one
theoretical solution over another. This is not just an occasional instance of
good argumentation; it is evident in every chapter, and many sections within
chapters. A few examples follow to illustrate this from different parts of the
grammar. <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b> </b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Given the highly complex nature
of the Gyeli tone system, the careful attention to phonetic and phonological
detail including the identification of tonal patterns is original and exemplary,
particularly in its treatment of tonal phenomena such as High Tone Spreading,
and its relevance to the discussion of toneless, tone-bearing units (TBUs). The
notion of toneless TBUs may in fact shed a new light on interpreting tonal
phenomena in other Bantu languages. The phonological interpretation of
pre-glottalization of labial and alveolar stops is another feature which is
carefully examined by analyzing voice-onset time (VOTs) in spectrograms of the
consonants in question. By this means, Nadine Grimm effectively argues that
Gyeli cannot be considered to possess an implosive series, as found in
neighbouring languages, but rather a pre-glottalized one. </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i> </i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The description of gender and
agreement classes in chapters 4 and 5 is similarly very rewarding to read in
its intricate detail, wherein the arbitrary basis between semantic category and
Gyeli genders is revealed, which is then contrasted with the formal
correspondences between the six genders and the nine agreement classes. In
spite of this, once more we cannot escape the fascination of Gyeli tone
phenomena since, in a subsequent chapter, we learn of the existence of an
object-linking high tone prefix which attaches to the (toneless TBU) noun class
prefix of the object noun which is closest to the verb (§4.1.1.4). Such
suprasegmental marking is an essential feature for the coding of grammatical
relations and can thus be gainfully used as a diagnostic for objecthood in
Gyeli. The use of different tone patterns with the further grammatical functions
of coding TAM and negation values is evident in the case of a special
portmanteau clitic that simultaneously codes subject agreement on the verbal
complex (§3.9.1).</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Particularly convincing are also
the arguments in favour of a two-unit interpretation of some of the consonant
clusters which are typically considered as one unit in the Bantu tradition, as
well as the diachronic argument in favour of grammaticalised verbs with a
similative morpheme for the small, colour-qualifier category, and the existence
of asyndetic subordinate clauses. The discussion of the passive (§4.2.3.2) and
the autocausative middle voice (§4.2.3.5) will similarly be of great interest
to typologists, not to mention the split genitive (§5.5) and the topic of
covert coordination (§8.1.2). On the latter topic, a succinct but clear
explanation is given as to why the author regards the relevant constructions to
involve covert coordination rather than complex predicates. <i></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i> </i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A further bonus of this grammar
comes in the form of the numerous ethnographic, sociolinguistic, diachronic and
comparative remarks, combined with a plethora of insightful and perceptive
observations woven into her explanations in each chapter. The substantial
appendices include an impressive table of Gyeli verb extensions and a Gyeli
lexicon, in addition to three annotated texts from different genres. Notably,
this textual corpus has been systematically solicited to support the argumentation
throughout the thesis. Overall, the jury viewed the accessibility of the
grammar to be the sign of a well-crafted work.<i>  </i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i> </i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Jury members also appreciated the
ethnographical note on naming strategies and the excursus on the semantic
categories of numerals (Chapter 5.7). Two jury members noted the availability
of a much larger online corpus on the DoBeS website of Gyeli annotated texts
and suggested that the web address might usefully be added to the thesis or to
its published version.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In sum, the following three
qualities were highlighted by the jury as making this grammar the one that
deserves the <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Pāṇini</span> Award: (i) the originality of the grammatical
analysis which is solidly based on empirical evidence from a diverse range of
natural language data, with appropriate supplementation; (ii) the fact that the
grammar is thoroughly embedded in and explicitly connected to wider scholarship
in both Bantu linguistics and typology; and not the least, (iii) a mastery of
Gyeli grammar whose description is presented in a highly clear and accessible
form-to-function style that is reader-friendly, given the cross-referencing
links supplied throughout the volume.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">*********************</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;color:black"> </span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps;color:black">(</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:black">ii<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">)     Highly Commended</span>
(in alphabetical order):</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt;color:black">Yunfan </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt">Lai<span style="color:black">. 2017.<i> Grammaire du
khroskyabs de Wobzi</i></span></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt;color:black">Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt;color:black">Supervisors</span></i></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt;color:black">: Pollet </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14pt">Samvelian<span style="color:black"> and Guillaume </span>Jacques<span style="color:black"></span></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This is an
impressively comprehensive thesis on the Tibeto-Burman rGyalrongic language of
Khroskyabs spoken in Sichuan province of China – impressive in its detailed
coverage of different issues from phonetics through to clause-combining. It is
based on nine fieldtrips, carried out between 2010 and 2017, and 93 hours of
recordings of five varieties of the language. The thesis thus contains a
great deal of comparative dialectal notes on other varieties of Khroskyabs, as
well as diachronic and typologically informed analyses, to name but a few. In
addition to this, the discussions on templatic morphology, on the many diverse
types of relative clauses (preposed, postposed, head-internal and –external),
the rich verbal morphology of Khroskyabs, as well the treatment of comparative
constructions, adnominal possession, causatives and anti-causatives, are all
really excellent. </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-GB">The organisation
is well-thought out and arranged according to the language on its own terms,
while also making it extremely easy for the reader to find the topics or
information they are looking for. One example is the entire section on
indexation of person, which covers both pronouns and verbal agreement in a
coherent and well-motivated manner. The depth and detail at all levels of the
discussion and the </span>clarity of the argumentation is admirable and only to be
commended.  </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-GB">In terms of its
originality, the thesis represents a new and important contribution to the
refining the classification of rGyalrongic languages and to the broader
Sino-Tibetan context. It includes a description, to take one example, of the
impressive collection of consonant clusters which is arguably the largest
possible in the entire family. The discussion of tone sandhi and phonological
processes is equally thorough, with acoustic images provided as additional
support for the various phonetic analyses. The use of different scripts and
colours is also both maximally informative and user-friendly with hyperlinked
crossreferences. Finally, the appendices are especially impressive – they
include a lexicon, an extremely useful vocabulary index organised according to
language or language variety of Khroskyabs, as well as transcribed and
translated texts.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Sally Akevai Te Namu Nicholas. 2016.<i> A grammar of the Southern Cook Islands
Maori</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">The University of Auckland, New Zealand</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Supervisors</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">: Margaret
Mutu and Ross Clark</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The
Southern Cook Islands Maori grammar by Ms Sally Akevai Te Namu Nicholas sets an
admirable standard of comprehensiveness, accessibility, originality, and
transparency in its reliance on natural data. The grammar is a result of a
documentation project by a member of the Ma’uke Southern Cook Islands Maori
community, who in the process of her study has become a specialist of her own
linguistic heritage. Her background makes the description rich in cultural
detail and offers unique insights into the Cook Islands Maori culture.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The grammar is well
written, showing a solid knowledge of Polynesian languages and the previous
research on Maori and Austronesian in general. The discussion in each chapter
is well organized, proceeding from the more general to the concrete and
exceptional, often starting with useful reference to Oceanic patterns. The chapter on phonology employs standard instrumental
measurements in its lucid treatment of Cook Islands Maori phonotactics,
including the minimal three morae rule for the phonological phrase, and
processes necessary to fulfil this rule. Links to audio files are usefully
provided. </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The chapters on word classes similarly offer a
critical approach to the study of a predominantly isolating language,
presenting in an elegant way the methodological conundrum about parts of speech
in Maori. The ‘actor emphatic’ construction is also an excellent chapter
highlighting a feature of Cook Islands Maori that is relevant to an ongoing
theoretical debate about the actor construction at least in East Polynesian and
beyond. The author demonstrates her ability to engage in and relate to these
debates and presents the relevant data, concluding diplomatically that the
construction remains ‘recalcitrant’.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The examples are
well chosen with corpus data being taken as the starting point for more
detailed grammatical investigation. The corpus
of over 60 hours of recordings have been deposited at P<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">aradisec</span> with 100,000 words transcribed.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">(</span><span style="font-size:14pt">iii<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">)<b>    Shortlisted</b></span><b> (in alphabetical order)</b></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"> </span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Hilde Gunnink. 2018.  <i>A
grammar of Fwe: a Bantu language of Zambia and Namibia</i> </span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">University of Ghent </span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Supervisor</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">s: Michael
Meeuwis and Koen Bostoen</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This is an outstanding grammar
that shows a complete mastery of Bantu linguistics and a typological approach
in the examination of Fwe, a Bantu language spoken on the border between Zambia
and Namibia. The data were collected at several fieldsites in both these
countries between 2013 and 2015. At all levels of grammar, the author shows the
range and fulsomeness of her competence in the analysis of the phonology,
including prosody and tone patterns of the language and in her intricate
descriptions of the noun classes and their variation, in particular, changes in
noun class membership and allomorphy, verbal derivation and a well-balanced
discussion of many interesting grammatical phenomenon, including the vowel
augment and its uses.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The perceptive remarks on
phonology and tone change are given with laudable precision throughout the
description, wherever it is relevant in the discussion of grammar and
morphology, for example, tone change caused by left dislocation. Another
example is the description of the high tone change on the subject marker which
creates a relative clause out of a main clause.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">All analyses are clearly
argumented, and based on well understood theories. In this respect, the section
on tense and aspect, which are very intricate categories in Fwe, are
particularly convincing, as too the explanations on the use of passive and the causative
suffixes. There is whole chapter dedicated to cleft constructions and focus, as
well as a comprehensive study of topicalisation devices, including word order
issues in chapter 16 on syntax. It is also to be appreciated that the author
compares Zambian and Namibian varieties of Fwe throughout the grammar.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The author additionally considers
the diachronic perspective in an epilogue on language history for the origins
of certain phonemes such as clicks and derivational morphemes, for example, the
borrowed diminutive and pluractional suffixes. This final chapter considers
contact between Khoisan languages and Bantu-Botatwe Fwe and is again very
insightful.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The thesis is based on a large
and diverse corpus (10,000 elicited sentences; narratives (2 hours) and
conversations (45 mins), and songs. A lexicon of 2,200 words is provided and
there is a section in the appendix on useful phrases, discussing their cultural
basis and a narrative text.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Yankee Modi. 2017. <i>The Milang language: Grammar and texts</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">University of Bern</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Supervisor</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">: George van
Driem</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Yankee
Modi's grammar is a comprehensive and innovative study about the Tibeto-Burman
language of Milan, located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is the result of a
decade-long language documentation project by a heritage speaker who decided to
rediscover her own passive knowledge of the language, acquired from her
grandmother. Hence, the grammar has first of all benefitted from the fact that
the author is a community researcher who has been exposed to the culture
and language of the Milang speaking community in a way very different from
normal research circumstances. This status has given her access to special
knowledge and data, which clearly outweigh other challenges that may exist,
which she explicitly discusses. The advantages of this situation are especially
clear from the detailed and fine anthropological description in Chapter 1
concerning Milang society, its structure and institutions, its agricultural
practices, lunar seasons and language vitality, in addition to the rich text
corpus of the appendix (200 pages). </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Indirectly related to this is a second
positive feature of the grammar, namely, that it covers an
impressively wide array of linguistic topics - quite a few of them not yet
regularly treated in grammar writing. There are thus informative sections on
kinship, proper names, and expressive and other discourse-related word types
such as interjections and hesitation particles, to name just a few. Another example is the chapter on clausal syntax is
refreshingly organized from the information structure viewpoint. It draws a
natural line between predicative and attributive clauses and requires the
notions of topic and focus to be used. The same chapter is used to explain
interclausal relations and the structure of complex clauses.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:blue"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Perhaps the
most exciting aspect of this grammar is the bold attempt to escape the
structuralist mould of grammar writing and get closer to interaction and
communication. This effort culminates in the last three chapters, which target
the perspective taking, knowledge states, and information structure. The
chapter on the grammar of knowledge is very nicely argued regarding the
egophoric stance of all independent predicate types that do not take any
special kind of evidential marking. The mere courage to deviate from the organizational
canon of grammar description and analysis gives this grammar its special
appeal.</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:black">Jaime Germán Peña</span></b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:black"> </span><b><span style="font-size:14pt">. 2015. <i>A grammar of Wampis</i></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;color:black">University
of Oregon</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Advisor</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14pt">: Doris L. Payne</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">This dissertation represents an excellent example of a
comprehensive, descriptive grammar of an Amazonian language. It consists of 21
chapters that cover all relevant aspects of the grammar and include a text. The
language is Wampis, an undocumented and under-described Jivaroan language
spoken in Peru. The grammar is based on several months of field work during
which the author gathered a corpus of texts (10 hours) to serve as the basis
for the grammar, in addition to elicitation.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">As it is a heavily
agglutinating language, there are many semantic and syntactic functions that
are required to be encoded at word-level by the morphology in the form of
intricate templates. The author neatly describes the morpho-phonological
processes that take place at the morphotactic level and the functions of each
of the morphemes involved, especially those affecting the verb, with a solid
description of each word class. <span style="color:black">The thesis is
impressive in the clarity and systematicity of its definitions and the
motivations for its categories, precisely in the case of noun, verb, and
syllable, for example. </span>The
adverbs receiving person markers will certainly be of broader typological
interest.<span style="color:black"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The grammar is very clearly structured and the detailed
table of contents helps the reader to quickly find individual topics of
interest. The author relies on typological literature, whenever necessary, to
clarify the concepts and terms he uses, with the grammatical phenomena under
description being illustrated by numerous examples, which are then explained in
the accompanying text. Numerous tables and figures summarize important points
of the discussion and help the reader to keep track of the relevant points.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The grammar also includes a discussion of the language in a
broader context and highlights features that are of typological and general
theoretical interest such that non-experts of Jivaroan languages are able judge
and appreciate the grammar. </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">********</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i>3. Linguistic
Typology 2019-2</i></b><i></i></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>(</b><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/lity.2019.23.issue-2/issue-files/lity.2019.23.issue-2.xml" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)"><b><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204)">https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/lity.2019.23.issue-2/issue-files/lity.2019.23.issue-2.xml</span></b></a><b>)</b></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>Articles</b></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Joan Bybee and Shelece
Easterday</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Consonant strengthening: a
crosslinguistic survey and articulatory account.</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">FREE ACCESS (Editor’s choice)</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thera Marie Crane and Bastian
Persohn.</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">What’s in a Bantu Verb?
Actionality in Bantu languages.</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">OPEN ACCESS</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>Methodological Contribution</b></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Beatriz Fernández,
Ane Berro, Iñigo Urrestarazu and Itziar Orbegozo </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Mapping variation in Basque:
the <i>BiV </i>database</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>Obituary</b></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Pioneer of thought-based
linguistics: Wallace Chafe</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="IT">Dan
I. Slobin</span></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="IT"> </span></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><span lang="IT">Book review</span></b><span lang="IT"></span></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="IT">Francesca
Di Garbo</span></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Torres Cacoullos, Rena and
Catherine E. Travis. 2018. Bilingualism in the community. Code-switching and
grammars in contact.</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">OPEN ACCESS</p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>Grammar Highlights</b></p>

<p class="gmail-m8566417717451249570xmsonormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A new category listing the
grammars published during the preceding year</p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i>4. The new ALT website</i></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">The ALT website was ported to
WordPress, a more modern and more flexible platform. This also allows for
sharing the responsibilities of editing and updating the site and also can be
used to help manage ALT membership information in the future. We plan on
soliciting curators for particular pages in the coming months. There will also
be an updated and searchable Grammar Watch. The address for the new website
remains the same: </span><a href="http://linguistic-typology.org" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">http://linguistic-typology.org</span></a><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">.
We welcome feedback on the redesign from members.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b><i> </i></b></p></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Orche<br>('Thanks' in Manange)<div><br><i>Kristine A. Hildebrandt</i></div><div><i style="font-size:12.8px">Professor, <a href="http://www.siue.edu/artsandsciences/english/" target="_blank">Department of English Language & Literature</a></i><i><br></i></div><div><i>President, <a href="http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/" target="_blank">Endangered Language Fund</a></i></div><div><i>Secretary, <a href="http://www.linguistic-typology.org/" target="_blank">Association for Linguistic Typology</a><br></i></div><div><i>Editor, <a href="http://escholarship.org/uc/himalayanlinguistics" target="_blank">Himalayan Linguistics</a></i></div><div><i><br></i></div><div><i>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</i><br></div><div><div><i>Box 1431<br>Edwardsville, IL 62026 U.S.A.<br>618-650-3991 (department voicemail)</i><div><i><a href="mailto:khildeb@siue.edu" target="_blank">khildeb@siue.edu</a><br><a href="http://www.siue.edu/~khildeb" target="_blank">http://www.siue.edu/~khildeb<br></a></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>