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<p> Dear all,</p>
<p>The functions of <i>na</i> discussed by Reggie can be found in
an Interlinear Glossed Akan corpus which my colleagues and I
created on TypeCraft. Some of it I recently described in a
presentation given at the LLACAN which you find on Research Gate.</p>
<p> Na's function as relative tense marker I had not seen described
in prior work, but it occurs also in the corpus. Some of this will
be presented at SLE in Leipzig in the Discourse particle workshop.
<br>
</p>
<p>Best <br>
</p>
<p>Dorothee<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 01.08.2019 01:48, Reggie Duah wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:F3304B0D-7FCA-4652-8F02-706F8E68EAB2@gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
Dear Fritz,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">In some Kwa languages, what has been called a focus
marker can be shown to be a clausal coordinator/complementizer.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Akan</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">Manu
nyaa sika na osii dan</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">Manu
get.PST money CONJ 3SG.buy.PST house</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">‘Manu
got money and he built a house.’</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">Manu na
onyaa sika</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">Manu FM
3SG.get.PST money</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class="">'It was
Manu who got money.'</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px;
line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><br
class="">
</div>
<div class="">Ga — ni</div>
<div class="">Dangme — nɛ</div>
<div class="">Lelemi — na</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Here are a few references:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
Fiedler, I.& A. Schwarz (2005). Out-of-focus Encoding in Gur
and Kwa. In: Ishihara, S., M. Schmitz and A.<br class="">
Schwarz (eds.): Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure
03, 111-142. Potsdam: Potsdam<br class="">
University.
<div class=""><br class="">
Fiedler, I.& A. Schwarz (2008). Focus or Narrative
Construction? In: Aboh, E., K. Hartmann & M. Zimmermann
(eds.),<br class="">
<div class="">Focus Strategies: Evidence from African Languages,
Berlin: de Gruyter. Fiedler & Schwarz (2005, 2008) for
more examples.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Duah, Reginald Akuoko (2019). <a
href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/kzuph3bsswtazeg/Seminar-Potsdam.pdf?dl=0"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">Coordination, tense, focus
and the road in between: the case of the particle na in Akan</a>.
Synsem Colloquium, Potsdam University.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Best regards,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">/reggie.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Dr. R. Akuoko Duah<br class="">
------<br class="">
Department of Linguistics<br class="">
School of Languages<br class="">
University of Ghana, Legon<br class="">
Alternative <a href="mailto:reggieduah@gmail.com" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">email: reggieduah@gmail.com</a><br
class="">
<a href="http://www.ug.edu.gh/linguistics/staff/duah" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">www.ug.edu.gh/linguistics/staff/duah</a><br
class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> <br class="">
<div><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On 1. Aug 2019, at 1:08 AM, Frederick J
Newmeyer <<a href="mailto:fjn@uw.edu" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">fjn@uw.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">
</span></font></p>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">Dear Lingtyp,<span
class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span></span></font></p>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">I am looking for
examples where topic markers or focus
markers in some language are clearly members of
some broad morphosyntactic
category.<span class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span></span></font></p>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">Let me give an
example involving negatives of the sort of thing
that I am looking for. Negative elements in
various languages are often members
of a broader category: in Estonian negative
particles are auxiliaries, in
Tongan they are complement-taking verbs, in
English they are adverbs, and so
on.<span class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span></span></font></p>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">So what I am looking
for are parallel examples with topic and
focus markers: cases where a reasonable analysis
would assign them to some
broader category.<span class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span></span></font></p>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">Thanks,<span
class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm
0.0001pt;font-family:"Palatino",serif"><font
class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class=""><span class=""> </span></span></font></p>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family:
Palatino, serif;" class=""><font class="" size="4"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif" class="">Fritz<span class=""></span></span></font></div>
<font class="" size="4">
</font>
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"
data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class=""><font class="" size="4"><br
class="">
Frederick J. Newmeyer<br class="">
Professor Emeritus, University of
Washington<br class="">
</font></div>
<font class="" size="4">Adjunct
Professor, U of British Columbia and
Simon Fraser U</font><br class="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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</blockquote>
</div>
<br class="">
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Professor Dorothee Beermann, PhD
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Dept. of Language and Literature
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