<div dir="ltr">Hi Frederick,<div><br></div><div>the Chinese copula is an obvious candidate. I'm shamelessly self-promoting the article I wrote about its semantics in both functions, see attached.</div><div><br></div><div>All the best,</div><div>Kilu</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Aug 1, 2019 at 1:09 AM Frederick J Newmeyer <<a href="mailto:fjn@uw.edu">fjn@uw.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">
</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dear Lingtyp,<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span> </span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I am looking for examples where topic markers or focus
markers in some language are clearly members of some broad morphosyntactic
category.<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span> </span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Let me give an example involving negatives of the sort of thing
that I am looking for. Negative elements in various languages are often members
of a broader category: in Estonian negative particles are auxiliaries, in
Tongan they are complement-taking verbs, in English they are adverbs, and so
on.<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span> </span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">So what I am looking for are parallel examples with topic and
focus markers: cases where a reasonable analysis would assign them to some
broader category.<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span> </span></span></font></p><font size="4"></font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thanks,<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span> </span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Palatino,serif"><font size="4"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Fritz<span></span></span></font></p><font size="4">
</font><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail-m_-2868143746495336737gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="4"><br>Frederick J. Newmeyer<br>Professor Emeritus, University of Washington<br></font></div><font size="4">Adjunct Professor, U of British Columbia and Simon Fraser U</font><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Dr. Kilu von Prince<br><br><a href="http://kiluvonprince.de/" target="_blank">http://kiluvonprince.de/</a><br>Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin<br>Dorotheenstraße 24</div><div>Raum 3.410<br></div><div>10099 Berlin</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>