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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Hello, I'm not sure I fully understand the scope of your query, but would the discourse functions of optional ergative markers fall into your target category? </p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">I'm attaching a paper that I recently coauthored just because it's handy, but of course many, many authors have written about this for many languages (see the reference list). </p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Kind regards, Maïa</p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Jeff Siegel <jsiegel2@une.edu.au><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, 2 August 2019 10:31 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Frederick J Newmeyer <fjn@uw.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Topic and focus markers with other functions</font>
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<div class="BodyFragment"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">
<div class="PlainText">Greetings:<br>
<br>
The focus marker is also the copula or a development from it in Nama, a Papuan language of Southern New Guinea, and other languages in the Yam family.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Jeff Siegel<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2019 08:03:08 +0000<br>
From: Patrick McConvell <patrick.mcconvell@anu.edu.au><br>
To: Kilu von Prince <kilu.von.prince@hu-berlin.de>, Frederick J<br>
Newmeyer <fjn@uw.edu><br>
Cc: "<LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG>"<br>
<LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Topic and focus markers with other functions<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<SYXPR01MB18563B5ECCCCD780FDAD50CBC7DE0@SYXPR01MB1856.ausprd01.prod.outlook.com><br>
<br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>
There are quite a lot of languages in which the focus marker is the copula or a development from it. I wrote about this in Hausa in my Ph.D thesis long ago:<br>
<br>
<br>
1973 Ph.D. awarded by SOAS, University of London, for thesis<br>
<br>
Cleft sentences in Hausa? A syntactic study of focus<br>
<br>
Pat McConvell<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Kilu von Prince <kilu.von.prince@hu-berlin.de><br>
Sent: Thursday, 1 August 2019 5:23 PM<br>
To: Frederick J Newmeyer <fjn@uw.edu><br>
Cc: <LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG> <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Topic and focus markers with other functions<br>
<br>
Hi Frederick,<br>
<br>
the Chinese copula is an obvious candidate. I'm shamelessly self-promoting the article I wrote about its semantics in both functions, see attached.<br>
<br>
All the best,<br>
Kilu<br>
<br>
On Thu, Aug 1, 2019 at 1:09 AM Frederick J Newmeyer <fjn@uw.edu<mailto:fjn@uw.edu>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Dear Lingtyp,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
I am looking for examples where topic markers or focus markers in some language are clearly members of some broad morphosyntactic category.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Let me give an example involving negatives of the sort of thing that I am looking for. Negative elements in various languages are often members of a broader category: in Estonian negative particles are auxiliaries, in Tongan they are complement-taking verbs,
in English they are adverbs, and so on.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
So what I am looking for are parallel examples with topic and focus markers: cases where a reasonable analysis would assign them to some broader category.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Fritz<br>
<br>
Frederick J. Newmeyer<br>
Professor Emeritus, University of Washington<br>
Adjunct Professor, U of British Columbia and Simon Fraser U<br>
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------------------------------<br>
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Message: 2<br>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2019 12:16:31 +0200<br>
From: Isabelle BRIL <isabelle.bril@cnrs.fr><br>
To: <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Topic and focus markers with other functions<br>
Message-ID: <dfe0d902-1352-1f54-9119-0e18a82bb320@cnrs.fr><br>
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Hi<br>
<br>
There are many cases of coordinators (sequential, additive, <br>
constrastive, disjunctive), of demonstratives as well as some <br>
case-markers used as topic and focus markers in a number of <br>
Austronesian-Oceanic languages.<br>
<br>
The attached article analyses such cases.<br>
<br>
2010, Bril I., “Informational and referential hierarchy: clause-linking <br>
strategies in Austronesian-Oceanic languages”. In Bril <br>
(ed.)./Clause-linking and clause hierarchy: syntax and pragmatics/. <br>
Amsterdam: Benjamins. 269-311.<br>
<br>
This article is part of the following volume :<br>
2010,Bril I. (éd.), /Clause-linking and clause hierarchy: syntax and <br>
pragmatics./ [Studies in Language Companion Series 121]. Benjamins<br>
<br>
in which other such cases are analysed in other language families, for <br>
instance,<br>
<br>
Frajzyngier in Wandala (Central Chadic) (Chapter 9),<br>
Vanhove in Yafi‘ Arabic (Yemen) (involving demonstratives and perception <br>
verbs) (Chapter 10),<br>
Taine-Cheikh (Chapter 11) in Zenaga (Berber) .<br>
<br>
TAM markers are another possible source analysed by:<br>
<br>
Verstraete in Umpithamu (Paman language, Australia), Chapter 14<br>
Robert in Wolof (Niger-Congo, Senegal) (Chapter 15)<br>
François in Hiw and Lo-Toga (Oceanic, Vanuatu),Chapter 16) .<br>
<br>
Hope this helps.<br>
<br>
Best<br>
Isabelle Bril<br>
<br>
Le 01/08/2019 à 01:08, Frederick J Newmeyer a écrit :<br>
><br>
> Dear Lingtyp,<br>
><br>
> I am looking for examples where topic markers or focus markers in some <br>
> language are clearly members of some broad morphosyntactic category.<br>
><br>
> Let me give an example involving negatives of the sort of thing that I <br>
> am looking for. Negative elements in various languages are often <br>
> members of a broader category: in Estonian negative particles are <br>
> auxiliaries, in Tongan they are complement-taking verbs, in English <br>
> they are adverbs, and so on.<br>
><br>
> So what I am looking for are parallel examples with topic and focus <br>
> markers: cases where a reasonable analysis would assign them to some <br>
> broader category.<br>
><br>
> Thanks,<br>
><br>
> Fritz<br>
><br>
><br>
> Frederick J. Newmeyer<br>
> Professor Emeritus, University of Washington<br>
> Adjunct Professor, U of British Columbia and Simon Fraser U<br>
><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
> Lingtyp mailing list<br>
> Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
> <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" id="LPlnk78089" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
<br>
-- <br>
Isabelle Bril<br>
Directeur de recherches (LACITO-CNRS)<br>
Directeur d'Etudes à l'EPHE (Typologie et Typologie des langues austronésiennes)<br>
<br>
Ecole de typologie ESSLT 2016<br>
<a href="https://typoling2016.sciencesconf.org/" id="LPlnk225512" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
https://typoling2016.sciencesconf.org/</a><br>
<a href="http://www.typologie.cnrs.fr/" id="LPlnk290373" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">
http://www.typologie.cnrs.fr/</a><br>
<br>
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